This Is What It Means To Say Phoenix

This Is What It Means To Say Phoenix Sherman Alexies This Is What It Means To Say Phoenix, Arizona is one of the most fulfilling short stories of times. Victor as named in this particular story had lost a job. Immediately after this, he also received the sad news of his fathers demise from heart attack in a distant city named Phoenix, Arizona. As it turns out, he had not met his own father for a long period of time. This however does not prevent him from feeling the pain of the lose as still there was the link in the blood. The time of the occurrence being so unfair on him, he had no money with him to go over to make the necessary arrangements. It can also be seen that fireworks and cigarette form a major part of the lifestyle of the people of this neighborhood. According to the story, people who have money in excess are those selling the two commodities. He may have not been so broke anyway as his dead father had some savings which could take victor a long way in performing the necessary ceremonies and the burial. How ever, there was the challenge of getting to Phoenix to retrieve the remains which had badly rotten due to the body staying for a week in the vehicle where he died in abundance of heat before being finally found. The most final option according to him was to request for assistance from the Tribal Council of his community which was ‘ill funded (Sherman Alexies Short Stories). This particular Tribal Council had some funds always set aside to tackle problems of their community members in such situations as Victors. However, the distance between them and the city Victor wanted to travel to was so enormous that they could not afford to fund him with their reserved money. Eventually, only some one hundred American dollars could be availed to him and though it was too little, he accepts it and cashes the cheque he is given after signing the necessary papers. He had little option; he could not be assisted according to his need. Where he goes to cash his cheque, he encounters one man with a low profile in his community named Thomas Builds-the -fire or simply Thomas ‘the story teller (Sax 20). As it is written in this story, this man always talked to himself because no body ever gave attention to his stories whenever he told them. In fact in this story, a simile is used to describe him; ‘Thats like being a dentist in a town where everybody has false teeth (123HelpMe.com. 1). In this simile, the meaning as comes out is that he offers services that are not appreciated by the locals. This two had grown up together in this same neighborhood ‘childhood friends (123HelpMe.com. 1). Thomas, as usual, had something for peoples ears. From here there is a series of flashbacks about the days and times they had as children and what Thomas actually was made of. First to be mentioned is the childhood experience at about the age of seven when Thomas told a story about Peters father to his age mate Peter. He had referred to Peters daddy as being weak in that he did not want to get quality time with his own wife and children (family). He talked about the old man wanting to buy himself a motorbike and run away. In this same story, there is a flashback to a time when together they used one bicycle then aged about ten years old. Thomas was quick to surrender the bicycle to Peter his friend and cousin as they went forth to attend a fairground where they would watch the fireworks in the dark and then walk back home. This were celebrations for fourth July which was the independence of the Indians a very much fought for liberation. In this flashback, there is the mention of Junior being a very common name with the inhabitants of the reserve. There surfaces some symbolism in this remembrance that at some point during that time as they sat in the night and were attacked by mosquitoes, victor still went back to Thomas for assistance by requesting a story just like in the situation of need, only Thomas would be available to offer him help. The story told to victor by his cousin Thomas in this context more or less just brought out the realities of their lives late on when they became kind of heroes after the departure of victors daddy. They shared a common wish of being heroes at that tender age in their lives. The ‘shadows and light from streetlamps referred to here symbolizes the ups and downs that eventually they had to endure together in the course of their lives even when everybody else felt that Thomas was an insignificant person. Also when young, aged about fifteen, they had already lost their friendly touch and so they picked up a fight with literally nothing being the specific cause. A lady named Norma stopped the bitter fight because of the respect she commanded. This is also a clear reflection of Thomass life in his adult age as no one seems to take whatever he says seriously just as the other boys would stand around and watch him get a beating. The memory of their experience at the age of about twelve years old brings out a symbolic encounter in the story where Thomas saved Victor from wasps that would have otherwise badly injured or even killed him. This reflects later on in the story as it is found out that at the point of need, only Thomas is willing to come close to Victor and offer some assistance. He literally pulled his foot out the hole of wasps for Victor to escape. An even funnier memory about this story-telling friend of Peter is the attempt to fly where according to the story he managed to su stain himself in flight for about a single second without fear like other boys did. A simile is also used in describing his flying when it is said, he ‘flapped his wings like a crazy eagle. As well, it is said, ‘As real as the dirt when Thomas lost attitude and crashed to the ground. Thomas Builds-the-Fire was lonely even in his school but yet he describes himself as one who was offered the gift of telling stories. At this point it is understood that the father died in the Second World War and the mother during his birth so he never had anybody for him. Away from the memories of the lives of this two men in their past, we get to consider what they encountered together to and from Phoenix, Arizona. Thomas had foretold the departure of Victors daddy to a place far from his family and as things turn out as Victor stood at the Trading Post to cash a cheque, Thomas walked over to him and condoled him as one who knew every occurrence to do with his late father. He made claims that he got to learn about it from such communicators as birds, wind and Victors crying mother. Since Thomas was not regarded nicely by the locals of this area, many were surprised that the two were even having a conversation. Victor was to a great extend embarrassed of Thomas but much to his surprise, just to fulfill the symbolism of the wasps, Thomas offered to assist him yet again from some savings he had been making over the time. From perhaps embarrassment or mere pride, Victor was very reluctant to take the offer from his childhood friend, to the extent that he requested time to ‘think about it. According to him, they were not to be referred to as friends at this time because it had been years since they last talked. Thomas followed Victor over to his place as though he knew that he would decide to take the offer and also take Thomas with him to the place. They flew over next to one another in the plane where the social nature of Thomas is revealed. He manages to engage a white woman in a free conversation and even pulls Victor along to it as they continue which shows actually that he was an open minded person. They even perform some gymnastics as directed by the lady and talk about matters of governance. The humor displayed by Thomas continues to carry the two and their new made friend named Cathy. Victor came to acknowledge talking to people was nice and apologized to Thomas over the happenings of the fight when they were fifteen. The body was stinking and the fact that dental records were needed for the identification meant it was even harder a task than it first looked. With the understanding that there could have been some valuables in there, they had to do it. Again with his eyes, just like the usual way, closed, Thomas remembered the fallen old man as having taken him from Spoken where he was standing and cautioned him against being mugged, bought him dinner and took him home. There was a prior deal that Thomas takes care of Victor in exchange for the favor as it shows out in the memory. Respect is accorded to the dead as even a wooden box containing part of the ash from the cremated body had a hat on it while the rest in a card box had a cap on it. They then drove a long way in turns through regions devoid of life until eventually a jackrabbit appeared only to be killed by the car in what they referred to as suicide. They arrived in the morning as the tribe awoke with all that had taken them away for some time up until then. Thomas did not want the money back from Victor but rather an ear during the telling of his usual stories. The friendship could however not continue in this neighborhood. A simile is used to back up this as being, ‘As real as the ashes where the ashes symbolized Victors daddy behind the car seats. Victor only thanked Thomas with the content of cardboard box. Thomas with his usual many ideas planned to spill the ash into the water at Spokane where he said Victors father would, ‘rise like a salmon, his teeth will shine like silver, like a rainbow. All these are similes. Victor also uses another when he says, ‘I thought itd be like cleaning the attic or something. The conclusion of this story as the two part shows just how much sometimes people reject good people because of pressure from others (Ariana 10). Victor had a debt to pay, listen to stories. Works Cited Richard, Sax. This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona. Magills Survey of American Literature, Revised Edition. Salem Press, 2007. Ariana, Todd. â€Å"This is what it means to say Phoenix, Arizona.† 2008. 123HelpMe.com. Conflict in This is What it Means to say Phoenix, Arizona. 7th May 2010. . Kelly, Jermaine. â€Å"Conflict Within The Mind† 2007. â€Å"Sherman Alexies Short Stories† 7th May 7, 2010. ,

Alice B. Gomme and “The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland”

It is always valuable to explore the life and works of a pioneer in the literary field. This is for the reason that aside from his or her distinct and colorful existence, it is the originality and significance of a trademark literary work that imparted or provided the public with important principle and practices. This reality was what renowned British folklorist Alice Bertha Gomme or simply Lady Gomme exemplified to her readers and the public of the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries.A study of her life revealed her remarkable contribution in the genre of folklore which, in turn, created an important influence on the lives of the children. Particularly for her work â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland,† Gomme exuded the authority and gained the respect of her readers. It is therefore worthy to state that a research and presentation on Alice B. Gomme and her most famous work, relevant life realities particularly concerning children are convey ed. Through Children’s Games and SongsA presentation about British folklorist Alice B. Gomme showed how she was fond of children and their activities. This is the reason why children influenced and became the center of her materials in Gomme’s literary works. The focused was evident through her most acclaimed folklore â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland. † Beyond the nature and circumstances of children in Gomme’s folklores, her literary works best signified the kind of personality that she shared with her readers. That is, the works of Alice B.Gomme, although traditional and controlled, clearly showed how she has lived and worked in a focused way (â€Å"A Proper Limitation,† 2001). As per the Musical Traditions Web Services’ (2001) description of Gomme’s life and analysis of her works, â€Å"her sweetly pretty children’s games and quaint old stories she was a proper Victorian lade in all senses of the word† (â€Å"A Proper Limitation,† 2001). Through a helpful scholarship, the supposed stereotyping concerning Gomme herself and the seemingly labeling of her folklores were removed.In doing so, the range and intensity of her materials proved how she was worthy of her gotten and apparently striking achievements (â€Å"A Proper Limitation,† 2001). As the founder or pioneer and staunch advocate of the â€Å"Folk-Lore Society† and the â€Å"English Folk Cookery Association,† Gomme was obviously inventive in many disciplines of folklore. As such, it turned out that through children’s games and songs, Gomme showed her potential and created understandable famous books but did not compromise their academic aspect and essence.In short, Gomme took into consideration that youthful life quality of children through the effective creation of children’s games and songs. The effort ultimately paved the way for the creation of meaningful and useful ch ildren-related materials that best suited the early stages of life of people (â€Å"A Proper Limitation,† 2001). The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland The material that best described the caliber of Gomme was the two-volume â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland† which was provided to the public on 1894 and 1898.These alphabetically-arranged lists of British games were the famous materials, specifically the games children normally play and even continue to play nowadays on Holidays and special events (Gomme, 1894 & Gomme, 1898). It became apparent that mostly on the list signified singing, vocalization, hands clapping as well as music-related content that evidently contributed as the foundation of a number of British conventional tunes and songs.Beyond these facts however, Gomme’s â€Å"Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland† became notable because although it was made more than a century ago, many of the games created by Gomme and included in the said work remained to influence today’s setting concerning how children play and carry songs (Gomme, 1894 & Gomme, 1898). Each volume of the Gomme masterpiece contained 500 pages entries of songs and games such as the â€Å"Accroshay† up to â€Å"Nuts in May† as well as the â€Å"Oats and Beans† up to â€Å"Would You Know† (Gomme, 1894 & Gomme, 1898).The said folklore manifested the standard kinds of games and songs in the British Isles. As such, these included the natures, categories and features of English games and songs with their rules or guidelines which were arranged in a dictionary-like form based on the most oftentimes used songs and played games complete with all the activities concerned (Dorson, 1982). Additionally, the famous and very enjoyable folklore showed different characteristics and notes documents as well as varied rules that varied according to the quality of the songs and games, resp ectively.Now, after more than 100 years of existence, Gomme’s â€Å"The Traditional Games in England, Scotland and Ireland† definitely survived and that the significance of the games and songs and most importantly, their implications to children and even those young at hearts are the things that happened and stood through time (Dorson, 1982). It was likewise notable that through the melodies, singing-rhymes and processes of carrying-out the games; the collected songs and plays turned out to be of real importance not only to the author but most especially to her public.This is because the folklore aimed and eventually succeeded in presenting what relevant proof is to be obtained from separate research of the â€Å"Traditional Games of England† (Gomme, 1894 & Gomme, 1898). Gomme as the famous Song-catcher The conventionality of Gomme’s â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland† did not hinder it from emerging as one of the best mat erial of within its period. I fact, the attributes of the said traditional literary created a field of education and the entire subject matter for such discipline in general.Relatively, the folklore and folk life in Gomme’s work became the basis in studying and relating the material in today’s contemporary setting. These very obvious features made Gomme as an undeniable song catcher. As the term itself indicates, the song-maker and game-founder in Gomme allowed her to efficiently grab the attention, interest and conduct of people particularly children. â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland† is an existing evidence of the power of folklore in the lives of people.Specifically for children, the Gomme material became their guide and inspiration in satisfying their childhood necessities and inclinations. Hence, this condition proved how Gomme and her folklore, with all its songs and plays, captured the hearts and imaginations of children. Concl usion It is undisputedly worthy to study and be inspired by Gomme and her â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland. † The fact that the author and her pioneering work were able to seize the likes of children is a concrete proof of how the power of such literary genre successfully influenced her readers in their youthfulness.Ultimately, Gomme and her materials of songs and games grabbed the world of the children and this was a considerable factor in regarding the innovative folklorist worthy of her stature. References Dorson, R. M. (1982). Folklore and Folk life: An Introduction. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Gomme, A. B. (1894 & 1898). The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland (Vols. 1 & 2). London: Nutt. Musical Traditions Web Services. (2001). A Proper Limitation: Stereotypes of Alice Gomme. Retrieved June 16, 2009, from http://www. mustrad. org. uk/articles/gomme. htm

Ethics in Finance Case Study Essay - 1153 Words

Bradley Miller 2/12/15 Seminar of Finance Case Study Ethics in Finance 1. Have I defined the problem correctly and accurately? Answer: The problem was that the WorldCom Company was falling farther and farther into debt and they needed a way out of this hard time. The CEO came to us with a plan to turn the company or in reality to make it look as if the company was headed into the right direction, when in fact it was not. The plan was to use other accounts that have holding money in them for other various projects to make the revenue look as though it was high and still climbing. 2. If I stood on the other side of the problem, how would I define it? Answer: I would define the situation as what it is, fraud. This company was at one†¦show more content†¦I also have to look at the consequences of my actions when dealing with financials for a big company that only wants to see revenue increases. Do I go with it or try and swing the minds of the beholder. 5. What is my intention in making this decision? Answer: My intention for making the decision to keep my mouth closed was to keep my good paying job and to make the company seem as if it was healthy and that it is steadily making its yearly revenue even if it is the wrong thing to do. I knew my decision was wrong but I still went through with it because my CEO told me to do so and that no one would ever find out that I was one of the managers that aided in the fraud. 6. How do the likely results compare with my intention? Answer: The results were that someone found out about the fraud that I and the company had filed, correlate with one another. I knew from past companies that had tried this fraud got caught and I just looked the other way because I was still getting paid and at the time money was the root of all evil. My intention was to make the company look rich so that investors would buy into the stock of the company and I did so until the SEC looked into the books and saw the transfers we made from various accounts to keep revenues up. 7. Can my decision injure anyone? How? Answer: My decision can injure people or families mentally and physical ways as well. Mentally people can be hurt because the money they invested might have been their life savingsShow MoreRelatedEthics Of The Financial World1056 Words   |  5 PagesAshanti Bennett Evonne Whaley BUS-101 27 September 2014 Ethics in the Financial World My form of business includes finances, mainly accounting and auditing. As I progress towards my accounting degree, I found out that there are many issues that I have to deal with in regards to the business itself. Eventually, finances also have to go through ethical issues. 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President Herbert Hoover a Biography

Hoover was born on August 10, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa. He grew up a Quaker. From age 10, he lived in Oregon. His father died when Hoover was 6. Three years later, his mother died, and he and his two siblings were sent off to live with various relatives. He attended a local school as a youth. He never graduated from high school. He was then enrolled as part of the first class at Stanford University in California. He graduated with a degree in geology. Family Ties Hoover was the son of Jesse Clark Hoover, a blacksmith and salesman, and Huldah Minthorn, a Quaker minister. He had one brother and one sister. On  February 10, 1899, Herbert Hoover married Lou  Henry. She was his fellow student studying Geology at  Stanford University. Together they had  two children: Herbert Hoover Jr. and Allan Hoover. Herbert Jr. would be a politician and businessman while Allan would be a humanitarian who founded his fathers presidential library.   Herbert Hoovers Career Before the Presidency Hoover worked from 1896-1914 as a Mining Engineer. During World War I, he headed the American Relief Committee which helped Americans stranded in Europe. He then was the head of the Commission for the Relief of Belgium and the American Relief Administration which sent out tons of food and supplies to Europe. He served as the U.S. Food Administrator (1917-18). He was involved in other war and peace efforts. From 1921-28 he served as the Secretary of Commerce for Presidents Warren G.  Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Becoming the President In 1928, Hoover was nominated as the Republican candidate for president on the first ballot with Charles Curtis as his running mate. He ran against Alfred Smith, the first Roman Catholic to be nominated to run for president. His religion was an important part of the campaign against him. Hoover ended up winning with 58% of the vote and 444 out of 531 votes. Events and Accomplishments of Herbert Hoover’s Presidency In 1930, the  Smoot-Hawley Tariff  was enacted to help protect farmers and others from foreign  competition. Unfortunately, other nations also enacted tariffs which meant that trade around the world slowed down. On  Black Thursday, October 24, 1929, stock prices began falling heavily. Then on October 29, 1929, the stock market crashed even further which began the Great Depression. Because of massive speculation including many individuals borrowing money to purchase stocks thousands of people lost everything with the stock market crash. However, the Great Depression was a worldwide event. During the Depression, unemployment rose to 25%. Further, around 25% of all banks failed. Hoover did not see the enormity of the problem soon enough. He did not enact programs to help the unemployed but instead, put some measures in place to help businesses. In May 1932, approximately 15,000 veterans marched on Washington to demand immediate payment of bonus insurance money that had been awarded in 1924. This was known as the Bonus March. When Congress did not answer their demands, many of the marchers stayed and lived in shantytowns. Hoover sent  General Douglas MacArthur  in to move the veterans out. They used tear gas and tanks to make them leave and set fire to their tents and shacks. The  Twentieth Amendment  was passed during Hoovers time in office. This was called the lame-duck amendment because it decreased the time when an outgoing president would be in office after the November election. It moved the date of inauguration up from March 4th to January 20th. Post-Presidential Period Hoover ran for reelection in 1932 but was defeated by Franklin Roosevelt. He retired to Palo Alto, California. He opposed the New Deal. He was appointed as the coordinator of the Food Supply for World Famine (1946-47). He was chairman of the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government or Hoover Commission (1947-49) and the Commission on Government Operations (1953-55) which were intended find ways to streamline government. He died on October 20, 1964, of cancer. Historical Significance Herbert Hoover was president during one of the worst economic disasters in Americas history. He was unprepared to take the necessary measures to help the unemployed. Further, his actions against groups like the Bonus Marchers made his name synonymous with the Depression. For example, shanties were called Hoovervilles and newspapers used to cover people from the cold were called Hoover Blankets.

The Pactice of Management - 1401 Words

The practice of management is very ancient, however the formal study of management is comparatively new. Management as a proper discipline developed after the tip of the nineteenth century. Nevertheless it should be admitted that management has been in existence since humankind became systematized into formal groups. It is very difficult to come up with a definition of management which could totally satisfy all professionals or skilled people or all management theorists. For a broad operating definition consider management as an activity that performs certain functions to obtain the effective acquisition, allocation, and utilization of human efforts and physical resources to accomplish some goal (Wren 2005, p. 3). Modern management has grown with the growth of social-economics and scientific institution. Nowadays workers do not work only for money. They work for satisfaction and happiness with sensible living style. These are the most vital issues now. Modern management explanation ( of why something works or happens the way it does) refers to highlighting the use of well-thought-out mathematical ways of doing things within the system with analyzing and understanding the inter-relationship of management and staff. Organizational efficiency and service quality can be increased through the implication of management theories. Today managers simply do not use a singular theory, infect they use a series of theories depending on the workplace, purpose and workforce. Still, fewShow MoreRelatedEssay on assessment 13669 Words   |  15 PagesShort Report on best pactice policies and processes for managing separation/termination: First of all I will undertake research to determine features of best practice systems of separation /termination and the legal requirements. After that I will consult with relevant managers prior to the introduction of new changes. Than I will develop policies, procedures and supporting documentation for all forms of separation/termination and will ensure procedures for dismissal or termination respect employeesRead MoreWork-Based Assignment - M3.03 Planning Change in the Workplace2001 Words   |  9 PagesAmount of time it takes to train staff and make them communicate with the Team | Opportunities | Threats | Improve the quality of the service offered to patients | Resistance to change by staff | Increase job satisfaction and time management for nursing assistants. | Lose experienced staff | Staff are able to develop their skills within the practice without having to go elsewhere to train | Lose older patients due to access issues | To open additional surgeries | Lack of advertisingRead MoreMotivation in Learning Englishl3449 Words   |  14 Pagesdifficulty in perceiving their progress and success they may well need the clarity that the setting of short-term goals, tasks etc. can give them. What my students say I remember the first days of my teacher ‘career’, when I met my colleagues, school management and students. Emotions and worries were overwhelming and the contact with ‘the real job’ made me turn back to the reasons I had had for choosing this profession and what had motivated me during the training years, and even the memory of my firstRead MoreSafeguarding Adults: Enabling Adults in Vulnerable Circumstances.6310 Words   |  26 Pagesnot with the case directly; I was disappointed that the review didnt highlight that the team were operating at only 70% of their agreed staffing quota and were not able to recruit to vacant posts. A factor that was wildly accepted by our senior management team and director, but failed to appear in the review. Whilst robust processes are essential for supporting practitioners through the process of adult protection, there is a risk of practitioners developing an uncritical approach to their practice

Fall of Ibm Free Essays

CASE 15: THE FALL OF IBM Justin Marc C. Tariman B. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Fall of Ibm or any similar topic only for you Order Now B. A. MKTG 4March 14, 2013 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose The purpose of this case study analysis report to understand and formulate a set of actions for the case of a company that is experiencing rapid environment changes and difficulty in protecting its core business such as how IBM perceived its mainframes as king of computers. Problem IBM biggest problems include its huge size, highly bureaucratic decision making approach,and its management’s difficulty in accepting the fact mainframes become obsolete sooner. The company lost on its focus toward meeting the needs of customers and instead over-emphasizing the needs of the mainframes. Methods of Analysis Methods of analysis used in the case were S. W. O. T. Analysis and Porter’s 5 Forces of Industry Attractiveness to identify IBM’s competitive advantage in a rapid changing environment and where in particular area the company failed to achieve in maintaining its position as market leader. Alternative Course of Action Take advantage – Enter into systems integration, outsourcing, and consultancy services to fully provide a package of IT products and services. Sustain – Using IBM’s â€Å"contention† system to achieved scale economies in production and cost advantages. Build – Building competitive advantage on every division while maintaining interdependence among these divisions and prevent rivalry among these divisions. Avoid – Avoid building one-side selling on product lines by giving each division its own sales force instead of having a separate division for sales force. Recommendations It is recommended for IBM to ready its company in entering into systems integration, outsourcing, and consultancy services to fully provide a package of IT products and services. It’s a new business but it could greatly give more value on its products. This is also an advantage for IBM to used the size of its organization to outsource some of its resources to successfully create a niche in the industry. Outline of the Action Plan Objective |Activities |Targets |Resources |Indicators | |To enter into systems |Going into outsourcing and |Within 5 years, IBM will be |Research and development |The changes of demand in | |integration, outsourcing, |system integrations business|able to take lead in | |outsourcing | |and consultancy services to| |outsourcing and integrate |Talents and skills of IBM’s | | |fully provide a package of | |this business to other |employees |Market share | |IT products and services. | |product lines | | | | | | |Global divisions |Sha re of revenue earned from| | | | | |outsourcing and services. | | | | |IT infrastructures | | How to cite Fall of Ibm, Essay examples

College Fraternities Essay Thesis Example For Students

College Fraternities Essay Thesis College FraternitiesCollege fraternities have always struck me as being an organization ofguys who spend their time drinking beer and having their social gatherings(parties). Just moving to Austin recently (which is by no doubt a collegecity) has made me want to know more about the sole purpose of thesefraternities. For these reasons I chose to select this culture for my essay. The definition of a fraternity is defined as chiefly socialorganization of male college students, usually designated by Greek letters. (Morris 1982:523) This definition is not true to all where most fraternitymembers are seen as drunks who accomplish nothing scholastically or socially . Unfortunately, the definition and portrayal of the people fails to mention thefact that membership in a fraternity is a life-long experience that helps itsmembers develop social, organizational, and study skills, and also teaches true,everlasting friendship. As a matter of fact most of our presidents weremembers of a Greek organization. The first fraternity was founded for literary and social purposes atThe College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia on December 5th 1776.(Klepper 1937:24) Throughout the nineteenth century many new fraternities werefounded, but none of these were permanent. By the end of the nineteenth centurythere were over thirty general fraternities in the country. Todays fraternities still have the characteristics of past fraternities. These characteristics include a ritual, oaths of fidelity, a grip, a motto, abadge , friendship and comradeship (Klepper 1937:56) . During membership onemust learn leadership skills. For this reason fraternities embrace theseoffices held by members: President, Vice-president, Treasurer, Scribe, etc. Since membership is seen as a great achievement by other organizations, everybrother must be able to uphold that office at any time. Organization is a must for every member. Fund raising activities andcommunity service are priority in every chapter, and each member is requiredto take part in these activities as an act of pledge, and a brother. Thishelps a member to develop organization and planning. Living together in what isknown as a fraternity house adds to the development of social skills and beingable to live with different kinds of people in different situations. Fraternities are famous for their social gatherings (parties) which requiresall members to be socially active and also develop social skills. It is normal for fraternities to organize study groups during the schoolyear and before exams. Most fraternities keep test files and other study aidsavailable for the benefit of their members. A lot of members are able toreceive scholarships and awards based on academic excellence, leadership andpersonal achievement, this helps members build a better self-esteem. It is common for fraternity members to stay active after graduatingfrom college . It is a positive experience for the graduate member to keep incontact with new and old members of his chapter There is no better way to keepyoung than to associate with young people. (Abramson 1995) The number ofalumni can range from a few dozen to several thousand. There is a clear feelingof comradeship not only within the fraternity but between all members ofGreek organizations. In a field study of the Tau Epsilon Phi fraternity from FloridaInternational University, Brian Abramson found that you can find a catologue ofservices which that organization provides for the benefit of the greatercommunity through service projects it conducts every semester. Every fraternityhas its own special public service projects. For example Tau Epsilon Phiparticipates in Bowling for Kids Sake every spring, a tradition that beganseveral years ago. To keep the feeling of brotherhood every member must betrustworthy and be able to trust every one else, which makes the bond ofbrotherhood even stronger.(Abramson 1995)Unfortunately a lot of people overlook fraternities because of the ever-present rumors about hazing. Hazing is an action taken or situation createdintentionally to produce mental and or physical discomfort, emberassment,harassment, or ridicule.(Fraternity Executive Commission 1937) While someorganizations may choose to haze and humiliate the people who try to rush them, that is in no way an accurate portrayal of all Greeks. (Nykolaizsyn:1996:48) Hegoes on to point out that Greek life is not just about partying and drinking ,it helps build character, self-esteem, and life-friendships(Nykolaizsyn:1996:12)