Saturday, November 30, 2019

Reincarnation Essays (1490 words) - Afterlife, Kabbalah, Death

Reincarnation Biological death is defined and accepted. Winstead- Fry points out that within sensory science, death is the termination of certain biophysical functions. "We can empirically confirm the existence and ending of life." ( 163) The criteria for brain death are accepted as proof of biological death. Of course if one considers the human being and the human body as one, then death must be a definite ending. But what about those who believes the soul never dies? There is the belief that the body is like a set of clothes the soul changes when the body gets worn out. Can the human body be considered such a worthless object? Many say no and yet others believe it truly. The debate about death is in the question of existence after death. It is not possible at present to recreate or validate existence after death using our senses. This is why there is so much of an interest in near-death experiences. Dr. Morse and his team have proven that a person actually needs to be near death to have a near death experience. The team compared seriously ill people with those near the brink of death and people who had near-death experiences were clinically dead at the time of their experience and ?were brought back from the dead.'(183) This is the closest one can get to death ; therefore, it is reasonable to use these experiences to learn about death. Near- death phenomena are as old as recorded history. Such an experience is reported in Plato's Republic, written in the fourth century before Christ.(Blackmore 79) The phenomenon is wide spread. Over eight million adults in the United States have claimed to have a near- death experience. Dr. Stevenson believes that by him writing books it will 7 encourage more people to share their experience. He believes many people may not share their story for fear of ridicule.( Santos F1) Mr. Underwood reveals that one in three people who recover from coming close to death or becoming clinically dead reports having a near-death experience. (245) Some critics argue that the near- death experience results from the brain's response to distress. They claim that the brain reacts to the threat to the body so that fantasies and memories of the ?childhood flood the consciousness'.(264) However, if the skeptics were right the experience would be unique to the individual. We know what the brain is capable of, but to say that the content of every brain is the same is farfetched. There are common components in experiences described irrespective of differences of the people who experienced it. The sense of being dead, being in a tunnel, meeting people of light, life review and the presence of light. These people were different in age, nationality and religion. It is recognized that every human being is unique. Then, why should everyone's brain produce the same images? Children and adults differ in the memories they gather and the way they comprehend the world, yet their core experiences were the same. Therefore, the argument of the brain flooding one with past memories does not seem logical. Some argue that the experiences contain cultural and personal marks of those who have them. Then the near- death experiences of Hindu's would differ from those of Christians and Americans different from Japanese. But here too the core experiences were the same. There is obviously two sides of the story. One must look at both sides with careful eye and determine for themselves what they believe is true. This is where the idea of reincarnation comes in. Because it is 7 incorporated in so many religions, you find an answer to a question which you truly want to know the answer to and do not abandon your faith in doing so. Reincarnation is detected in many religions. Reincarnation is normally thought of as a Hindu philosophy and it is traced back to Hinduism, yet it can be found in Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism and in many more religions. In Judaism, reincarnation is known as Gilgul. Though it has a different name it has almost the exact same meaning. Gilgul was a dominant teaching in Judaism for over three hundred years. Cabala, a book of Judaism which is often studied by Rabbi's, one of the holy books of the Jews which talks of reincarnation. Rabbi Steinsaltz (Cranston 181) is an authority on the Cabala. He states: According to Cabalistic doctrine, the Torah contains not only manifest but also hidden truths: the same transcendent God whom the Bible celebatres as supreme king and

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Discovering a Whole New World of Education Essays

Discovering a Whole New World of Education Essays Discovering a Whole New World of Education Essay Discovering a Whole New World of Education Essay It used to be that going to college was a committed physical experience; you, at the very least, traveled to a campus everyday where you sat amongst your peers in a lecture hall or classroom and worked through your chosen degree program. And in most cases, you were typically a resident as well as a student, living in an on-campus apartment or in a dormitory with people your age. The world of college is a very different experience these days as people in all stages of their lives made the decision to return to school and bring with it their own particular circumstances. A family man with a job and children would be hard pressed to go back to that campus commute anymore; and luckily he doesn’t have to. Today, online learning has completely transformed the world of education. There is no longer the physical commitment necessary to attend school – presence in a classroom or lecture hall simply not required. From an online IT degree for someone looking to enter the world of computer technology to an online MBA for someone wanting to earn their masters in a particular sector of business, the online degree programs have something for everyone in terms of subject matter and schedule. A teacher going after her Master’s in Education can work during the day and do her work for school at night; an online business degree can be earned on the weekends or during other off hours; and a degree in nonprofit management can propel someone to the front of the pack in terms of the interview process. Whatever the desire in school the online degree program has something for everyone and can be a way for people to do it all in this day and age when doing it all has become the standard instead of the exception.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Guidelines for Revising a Composition

Guidelines for Revising a Composition Revision  means  looking again  at what we have written to see how we can improve it. Some of us start revising as soon as we begin a rough  draftrestructuring and rearranging sentences as we work out our ideas. Then we return to the draft, perhaps several times, to make further revisions. Revision as Opportunity Revising is an opportunity to reconsider our topic, our readers, even our purpose for writing. Taking the time to rethink our approach may encourage us to make major changes in the content and structure of our work. As a general rule, the best time to revise is not right after youve completed a draft (although at times this is unavoidable). Instead, wait a few hourseven a day or two, if possiblein order to gain some distance from your work. This way youll be less protective of your writing and better prepared to make changes.   One last bit of advice: read your work aloud when you revise. You may hear problems in your writing that you cant see. Never think that what youve written cant be improved. You should always try to make the sentence that much better and make a scene that much clearer. Go over and over the words and reshape them as many times as is needed.(Tracy Chevalier, Why I Write. The Guardian, Nov. 24, 2006) Revision Checklist Does the essay have a clear and concise main idea? Is this idea made clear to the reader in a thesis statement early in the essay (usually in the introduction)?Does the essay have a specific purpose (such as to inform, entertain, evaluate, or persuade)? Have you made this purpose clear to the reader?Does the introduction create interest in the topic and make your audience want to read on?Is there a clear plan and sense of organization to the essay? Does each paragraph develop logically from the previous one?Is each paragraph clearly related to the main idea of the essay? Is there enough information in the essay to support the main idea?Is the main point of each paragraph clear? Is each point adequately and clearly defined in a topic sentence and supported with specific details?Are there clear transitions from one paragraph to the next? Have key words and ideas been given proper emphasis in the sentences and paragraphs?Are the sentences clear and direct? Can they be understood on the first reading? Are the sentences varied in length and structure? Could any sentences be improved by combining or restructuring them? Are the words in the essay clear and precise? Does the essay maintain a consistent tone?Does the essay have an effective conclusionone that emphasizes the main idea and provides a sense of completeness? Once you have finished revising your essay, you can turn your attention to the finer details of editing and proofreading your work.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

JOHN BUNYAN Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

JOHN BUNYAN - Term Paper Example It was after this experience with the Holy Spirit that he began preaching. However, this was not quite a smooth mission for him as he was imprisoned severally for preaching. John began preaching in Bedford, England, and it was here that he faced all those difficulties in relation to his mission; especially between 1660 and 1672. It was during his term as a prisoner when he wrote a popular classic- Pilgrim’s Progress. In his autography, Bunyan recognized the fact that the devil kept on placing mockeries in his soul. He had a feeling that his sins were not of the type that Jesus Christ died for and that he could only be forgiven if Christ descended from heaven to come and die afresh for his sins. These things tormented him for quite a long time, and that thinking of anyone of them increased his misery (Venables, 79). Although he recognized that Jesus Christ had too much love for him, he thought that He could not be forgivendue his transgressions and unfaithfulness. In addition B unyan himself thought that his sins were beyond bounds of pardon. Worst of all, he never thought that he could ever inherit eternal life, but believed that it was quite easy for the heaven and earth to pass. It was a result of these assaults that he perceived his soul to be more of a broken vessel, hence heading into despair. He even went to an extent of thinking that as far as he was concerned, conditions and promises of the new covenant could turn another way and be changed. John went to disclose that the more he thought about these issues, the more he was overwhelmed with fears, guilt and fright leading to desperation. Bunyan likened his state to that of a man who lived in tombs, always crying and cutting himself with stones (Mark 5:25). It is from this verse of the Bible that Bunyan came to learn that neither desperation nor the old covenant would save him. In addition, both the heaven and earth were bound to pass away, while both the word and the law of grace would fail or be d one away with. It was after recognition of this scripture that Bunyan experienced the goodness of Jesus Christ, got saved and confirmed that scriptures were the Word of God. Before he reached this point, one day as he sat on a bench on a certain street, Bunyan fell asleep and had a vision as though the sun that shone in heaven was against him and it could not shed enough light (Deal, 35). In addition, he saw stones on the street and tiles upon houses bend against him, and all had collaborated to eliminate him from the earth. This meant that he was unfit to live among them and he could not partake of the benefits that they harbored as he had sinned against God in Heaven. From this moment onwards, Bunyan learnt to accept and appreciate everything with thanks giving. At one time they had been commanded to go and besiege a place, but another person was chosen to replace him (Bunyan) even after he had consented. Unfortunately, the solder who replaced him was killed in that battle. Bunyan recognized that these were God’s mercies upon his life. Bunyan came to appreciate God’s divine mercies for saving his life after he fell in an extremely deep pit when he was traveling at night (Horner, 120). He also had the reason to thank God for the divine healing and provision of food, even though he was still a sinner. Bunyan recognized

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Joseph Wellington Presentation about Management Fraud Assignment

Joseph Wellington Presentation about Management Fraud - Assignment Example Staff education on the effects of fraud will help reduce or lower fraud. It’s imperative that an organization puts in place fraud auditing measures that should be reviewed regularly and also implement fraud prevention technologies with regard to information systems management and computer systems. Introduction Fraud is a pervasive act that involves but is not limited to unauthorized access to sensitive data and information, using deception and lies to outrightly misuse or fraudulently acquire organizations’ resources and assets or use company information for unintended purposes. The effects on the organization, the individuals involved and customers can range from negative to disastrous. This paper will evaluate the adverse effects of fraud on an organization; individuals and consumers make recommendations and give a conclusion on the effects of fraud. Literature review I. Effects to the consumer a) Fraud in business affects the consumer negatively; the customer is the reason why businesses exist and fraud actually impacts negatively on them. Consumers broadly refer to anyone involved in the dynamics of a business from people that buy from the organization to shareholders. b) Consumers are affected by fraud in business because they do not get their money’s worth; for instance, in a Ponzi scheme, consumers actually end up losing money eventually. A more common type of fraud is when organizations’ lie about the origins and quality of a product; they could, for instance, sell leather items as being handmade in Italy from buffalo hide when in reality the leather jackets are actually made in Vietnam by machines using cheap cowhide. c) Customers also suffer psychologically from a feeling of being cheated or swindled and thus lose faith in business. This tends to hurt expenditure on non-essential commodities like holidays which reduces the quality of life for these customers. d) Suppliers to a business that is shut down lose a customer; whi le customers also miss a product line. If there were some customers that depended on a product and the supplier is closed down due to fraud, these customers are greatly inconvenienced as they have to look for equivalent alternatives. II. Fraud affects a business and its stakeholders (Mongie, 2009) a) Fraud affects a business in that it can be shut down, suffer irreparable legal consequences that greatly erode its assets b) Businesses also lose credibility and suffer a great damage to their image. This causes stigmatization from former associates like suppliers. The blacklisting of a business will lead to its shut down (Mongie, 2009). c) Fraud strains businesses bottom-line by reducing its profits and revenue. It is estimated globally that fraud constitutes seven percent of an organizations’ revenue and this loss could be the difference between a firm making a loss or a profit d) The identities, wealth, assets, and private information of a firm’s employees especially ma nagers are put at risk due to internal fraud threats. Fraud leads to legal consequences that result in loss of career, family assets, and personal liberties in the event of one being jailed. III Fraud affects an economy overall a) Fraud means losses that can cause a business to shut down leading to job losses and for instance contributing to the unemployment rate figures, which give a poor indicator of the state of an economy (Shahabadi, 2007).  

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Cause and Effect Essay Example for Free

Cause and Effect Essay As more everyday task, such as applying for jobs, banking, shopping, and obtaining general information move into cyberspace, those without computer access are finding themselves segregated from the rest of the digital world. It can be argued that because of the technological demand on today’s society, literacy in technology has become an essential skill for success in today’s society. The basics of computing skills must be supplemented with a set of both cognitive and technical skills, in order to lead to a more universal participation in a technological reliant society. Schools are not sufficiently training teachers; and teachers are not adjusting the curriculum to meet the growing needs of advancing technologies. There is no prevailing standard for what constitutes as fluency and government officials have taken a sluggish approach to equip citizens with the skills and information needed to access government services; especially since governments and businesses move more of their information services exclusively online. Governmental leadership is lagging in bringing society into the information age. Many of the schools throughout the United States are so substandard that a major overhaul is required to provide students with an adequate education. The current policy, which provides computers and Spousta 2 other related hardware but not the necessary training for students and teachers, furthers the inefficient use of resources. The government’s use of technology to provide, exclusive, online services causes a major issue among society as well. In some instances people don’t have computer access and are therefore denied from receiving certain needed services or information. Because a significant amount of the nation’s population are not online, and because the government puts most of its online information in English, and because the information is presented at a twelfth-grade level; millions of residents are further marginalized from the benefits because they either don’t speak English nor have a high education level. As technology further advances and we drift deeper into the information age, the demand for technological literacy among the members of society will continue to increase. Along the way there will be many issues that will eventually need to be addressed as technology advances and government and businesses move more information and services online. Consideration must also be given to those people who are less fortunate and technologically illiterate, or have limited to no computer access.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Stoker And Rices Books About Vampires :: essays research papers

Stoker and Rice's Books About Vampires Bram Stoker's Dracula and Anne Rice's series The Vampire Chronicles are books about vampires. The way the two authors write about the vampires' powers, the way they live and how they are created and destroyed prove that two books about the same subject can be different in many ways. It also shows how the vampire legend has evolved over a long period of time. Special powers are used in both of the authors writings. A few of the powers are the same, or very close to it, in each account. enhaced or super- human strenth is one of these abilites. On page 7 in Anne Rice's book The Vampire Lestat, her main chacter Lestast says â€Å"As for my strength, well it was three times what it had once been. I could bend a copper penny double.† After becoming a vampire he notices his super human strength. Not much is written about Stoker's use of super-strength for Count DraculaTherefore, One tends to believe that Dracula in fact did not have enhanced strength. Stoker did use the power of morphing into animals in his novel. In Dracula , the Count can morph into a bat and he can turn into a greyish-green mist. He uses these powers so humans dont detect his presence. As a gas he can pass by humans without them even noticing and as a bat he can cover more ground in a shorter amount of time. Rice's novels mention nothing of being able to morph into a bat, mist or anything else for that matter. The ability to fly is used in each novel but they are used very differently. In Dracula the count can fly but, in order to do this he must turn into a bat and fly as a bat would fly. More powerful vampires in The Vampire Chronicles can fly as , for example, super man would fly. In order for a vampire to fly it requires lots of energy and a great force of will Lestat says â€Å" It was as if a current of air had caught me. I went up hundereds of feet in one instant, and then the clouds were below me-a white light that I could scarcely see. I decided to drift.† (Rice, Queen of the damned 286) Mental powers are used extensivly in both of the authors' creations. Mind reading is common in The Vampire Chronicles. Vampires in the Chronicles can not read the minds of vampires they themselves have created or minds that are skillfully cloaked against them.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Dolphins: Communicators of the Sea

Dolphins are common creatures at rivers and seas. The majority of small toothed whales are dolphins. Dolphins are large sea animals making it part of the suborder Odontoceti, family Delphinidae. Whales and porpoises generally belong to the Cetaceans belonging to family Plantanistidae and Delphinidae, respectively. Often, people used dolphins and porpoises interchangeably denoting same species but porpoises in particular and dolphins are different species. Porpoises belong to family Phocaenidae; it has a rounded snout and chisel-liked teeth.While dolphins are under family Plantanistidae and Delphinidae, instead of a rounded snout, dolphins have beak like snout and sharp, conical teeth. Dolphins are outgoing creatures; often they are mingling in a group with two to fifteen animal members or more. Most of their communities are dominated by females, its offspring, sisters and other females. Sub adult male dolphins will leave these female-dominated communities to start a group of â€Å"b achelor† dolphins; if these dolphins become sexually mature, they can move in the female groups for copulation. These mammals are very playful.They are often spotted riding the bow wave or stern wake of boats and â€Å"surfing† on waves. Chasing and tossing things to one another is one of their favorite plays. If seen jumping or breaching, it indicates enthusiasm for these creatures. Play is important for dolphins for learning and as well as to practice their skills necessary for their life’s survival (Geocities. com, 2006). The current paper focuses on these creatures’ characteristics, particularly their capability to engage in echolocation. Scope The paper begins with an introduction about the dolphin, and their general characteristics as sea creatures.This is followed by a discussion of their general physiology, including their skin, fin, swimming speed, breathing, and body temperature. The dolphin family is then discussed, with its 33 species – with 5 river species and 6 porpoise species. Of these, the most popular is said to be the bottlenose dolphin which are found in theme parks and are featured in television programs. The next focus would be on the dolphin’s brainpower, specifically in their capacity to make tunes among themselves with a wide range of sounds. Their distinctive communication patterns are likewise expounded on.The paper concludes with a call for concern and protection from humans, who are supposed to be stewards of these creatures. Overview With regards to its general physiology, dolphins have rubbery skin. They are classified as mammals and have the capacity of maintaining high body temperature. They can hold their breath for several minutes making it easy for them to have rapid and deep dives of more then 300 m (1,000 ft). To date, there are more than 33 different species of dolphins, over 5 different species of river dolphins and more than 6 different species of porpoises.Though there are many species of dolphins, the most popular are bottlenose dolphins which are frequently featured in television and theme parks. Perhaps their greatest strength is their ability to communicate with one another or to echolocate. This is the counterpart of language among humans. Dolphins create whistles and sounds signifying an action for which another dolphin can understand, it can signal danger for their kind hence they should be alert or a prey is near at hand thus, everybody must prepare; depending on the whistle produced.They can make signature whistles that carry distinct information. Considering the cognitive abilities of bottlenose dolphins, their vocal learning and copying skills, and their fission–fusion social structure, their communication process can be further studied to provide evidences about their â€Å"dolphin messages and echoes. † Humans have the responsibility of taking care of these creatures, acting as their stewards to prevent them from extinction. Gene ral Physiology of a Dolphin A dolphin’s body is smooth having a rubbery-feel of its hairless skin when touched.The skeletal remnants of five digits in the front appendage form the flippers mainly acting as its balancer during its swim. The rear appendages are almost absent because the small pelvic bones are deep-rooted in the connective tissue at the base of the tail (Dolphin Lovers. com, 2006). The subcutaneous dermal tissue of the dolphin forms its immovable dorsal fin; its tail fin is also dermal in its origin. Its movement is similar with the whales wherein the major force comes from its vertical oscillations of the tail and flukes making it capable to swim at a speed of 37-40 km/h, and in some events, its swimming speed reaches up to 48 km/h.Dolphins seem restless in traveling the rivers but in reality, it rides the bow wave by making use of the ship’s trust (Stoops, 1996) Dolphins are mammals, hence breathing and maintaining high body temperature is vital. Dolphi ns maintain its internal temperature at 36. 5 deg to 37. 2 deg C (97. 9 deg to 99 deg F), with its thick layer of dense fat (blubber) under the skin. At the top of its head, a single nostril or blowhole is placed where it acts as its lungs. Dolphins breathe air at the surface every two minutes consisting of brief unpredictable exhalation followed by a longer inhalation.Dolphins are capable to hold their breath for several minutes making it easy for them to have rapid and deep dives of more then 300 m (1,000 ft) (Dolphin Lovers. com, 2006). Dolphin’s Brainpower Greco and Gini (2005) say that dolphins are capable of making tunes among themselves with a wide range of sounds. Dolphins show evidence that their intelligence is greater than that of dogs. Dolphins learn easily and execute complicated tasks, continuous communications with one another, and their ability to mimic the sounds of human language if they are given ample time to be trained.Toothed whales have exceptionally la rge brains including the famously bright dolphins that have capabilities previously only attributed to humans and apes. Cetaceans (dolphins, whales and porpoises) and its ancestors acquired changes specifically in their brain through evolution. One of the reliable evidence to support this claim is by measuring the level of encephalization of a species or a taxonomic group. EQ is the measure of observed brain size relative to expected brain size derived from a regression of brain weight on body weight for a sample of species.EQ measures how much larger or smaller a species’ total brain size is from what is expected based on brain-body algometry (Greco et. al, 2003). Dolphins and humans share many common attributes. Both creatures are mammals wherein the young are born alive and not hatched from eggs. Air is important for both organisms since it sustains their breathing; the only difference is that dolphins must come up to the surface to breathe in its blowhole on the top of it s head and when it dives, the blowhole closes unlike humans that continuously breathe air in its respiratory system.Wang (1995) asserts that aside from being mammals, communication is one the major attributes keeping these two organisms at par with one another. Humans are capable of language and speeches denoting an idea or message for a particular person while dolphins create whistles and sounds signifying an action for which another dolphin can understand, it can signal danger for their kind hence they should be alert or a prey is near at hand thus, everybody must prepare; depending on the whistle produced.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Motivation and Leadership Effect on Job Performance Essay

Introduction Leadership and motivation traditionally play a very important role in the functioning of organizations. Nowadays, the role of leadership and motivation increases even more significantly because of the growing competition and the increasing significance of human resources for the progress of organizations. In fact, it should be pointed out that leadership and motivation are closely entangled concepts which constitute an important part of the success of an organization. It is obvious that the effective leadership and motivation can contribute to the progress of an organization, while poor leadership and the lack of motivation can weaken the normal functioning of an organization and lead to the crisis within an organization that will naturally affects its performance. In this respect, it is important to underline the fact that leadership and motivation affect considerably the organizational behavior and culture and they define the formation of the effective relationships between the personnel of an organization. In such a situation, it is necessary to fully reveal the significance of leadership and motivation in the current business environment in order to assess adequately perspective of the improvement of the effectiveness of leadership and motivation within an organization. At the same time, the analysis of theoretical framework only, it appears that insufficient for the understanding of the significance of leadership and motivation for the performance of an organization. Consequently, it is also necessary to pay a particular attention to the practical aspects of leadership and motivation  that means that it is necessary to analyze some practical examples that could reveal the significance of leadership and motivation for the performance of a n organization Review of Literature Motivation and Job Performance * The level of performance of employees relies not only on their actual skills but also on the level of motivation each person exhibits (Burney et al., 2007). * Motivation is an inner drive or an external inducement to behave in some particular way, typically a way that will lead to rewards (Dessler, 1978). * Over-achieving, talented employees are the driving force of all firms so it is essential that organizations try hard to motivate and hold on to the best employees (Harrington, 2003). * The quality of human resource management is a critical influence on the performance of the firm. Concern for strategic integration, commitment flexibility and quality, has called for attention for employee’s motivation and retention. Financial motivation has become the most concern in today’s organization, and tying to apply Maslow’s basic needs, non-financial aspect only comes in when financial motivation has failed. * According to Greenberg and Baron (2003, 2000) definition of motivation could be divided into three main parts. The first part looks at arousal that deals with the drive, or energy behind individual (s) action. People turn to be guided by their interest in making a good impression on others, doing interesting work and being successful in what they do. The second part referring to the choice people make and the direction their behavior takes. The last part deals with maintaining behavior clearly defining how long people have to persist at attempting to meet their goals. * Motivation can be intrinsic and extrinsic. Extrinsic motivation concerns behavior influenced by obtaining external rewards (Hitt, Esser, & Marriott, 1992). Praise or positive feedback, money, and the absence of punishment are examples of extrinsic or external rewards (Deci, 1980). Intrinsic motivation is the motivation to do something simply for the pleasure of performing that particular activity (Hagedoorn and Van Yperen, 2003). Examples of intrinsic factors are interesting work, recognition, growth, and achievement. *  Several studies have found there to be a positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and job pe rformance as well as intrinsic motivation and job satisfaction (Linz, 2003). This is significant to firms in today’s highly competitive business environment in that intrinsically motivated employees will perform better and, therefore, be more productive, and also because satisfied employees will remain loyal to their organization and feel no pressure or need to move to a different firm. * Deci and Ryan (2000) conducted and replicated an experiment that showed the negative impact of monetary rewards on intrinsic motivation and performance. A group of college students were asked to work on an interesting puzzle. Some were paid and some were not paid for the work. The students that were not being paid worked longer on the puzzle and found it more interesting than the students being paid. When the study was brought into a workplace setting, employees felt that their behavior was being controlled in a dehumanizing and alienating manner by the rewards. It was discovered that rewards would seriously decrease an employee’s motivation to ever perform the task being rewarded, or one similar to it, any time in the future. Another observation of the study was that employees would expect a reward every time the task was to be completed if the reward was offered at one time. Employees would require the reward in order to perform the job and would probably expect the reward to increase in amount. If the rewards were not increased or if they were taken away they actually served as negative reinforcement. * Deci and Ryan (2001), in collaboration with two of their colleagues, conducted a study to examine the effects of performance-contingent rewards on an employee’s intrinsic motivation. * (Cameron, Deci, Koestner, and Ryan, 2001). These types of rewards are very controlling since these rewards are directly associated with an employee’s performance of some task. In that respect, performance-contingent rewards undermine intrinsic motivation; however, if the reward given to the employee conveys that the employee has performed on a truly outstanding level, the reward would serve to solidify that employee’s sense of competence and decrease the negative effect on that employee’s intrinsic motivation. Also significant in the study was the importance of the interpersonal atmosphere within which the performance-contingent rewards were distributed. * When Cameron et al. (2001) compared the administering of rewards in a controlling climate and in  a non-controlling climate, they discovered that the performance-contingent rewards given in the more controlling interpersonal climate undermined intrinsic motivation. To prevent the decrease in employees’ intrinsic motivation, the interpersonal climate when distributing performance-contingent rewards should be more supportive. * Vroom (1964) proposes that people are motivated by how much they want something and how likely they think they are to get it he suggest that motivation leads to efforts and the efforts combined with employees ability together with environment factors which interplay’s resulting to performance. This performance interns lead to various outcomes, each of which has an associated value called Valence. * Adams (1965) on his part suggests that people are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they receive for high performance. According to him the outcome from job includes; pay recognition, promotion, social relationship and intrinsic reward. To get these rewards various inputs needs to be employed by the employees to the job as time, experience, efforts, education and loyalty.He suggests that, people tend to view their outcomes and inputs as a ratio and then compare these ratios with others and turn to become motivated if this ratio is high. Leadership Effectiveness and Job Performance Leadership, or more specifically effective leadership, is every bit as crucial (if not more so) in African Organizations as it is throughout the world. African organizations are no different from others Worldwide in terms of striving for performance in order to be globally competitive. The South African situation, however, is incredibly complex as many organizations are caught in the middle of a web of authoritarian hierarchies and traditional leadership approaches, as well as bureaucratic hierarchies mixed with modern approaches to leadership * (Grobler, Wà ¤rnich, Carrell, Elbert and Hatfield, 2002). It is argued that effective leadership has a positive influence on the performance of organizations (Maritz, 1995; Bass, 1997; Charlton, 2000). Ultimately it is the performance of many Individuals that culminates in the performance of the organization, or in the achievement of organizational goals. Effective leadership is  instrumental in ensuring organizational performance. * (Cummings and Schwab, 1973; Hellriegel, Jackson, Slocum, Staude, Amos, Klopper, Louw and Oosthuizen, 2004). As a result, many leadership theories have been proposed in the last fifty years which are claimed to have influenced the overall effectiveness of the organizations where they have been employed. In the competitive world business environment it is vital that organisations employ leadership styles that enable organisations to survive in a dynamic environment. * (Maritz, 1995; Bass,1997) Performance has been defined by Hellriegel, Jackson and Slocum (1999) as the level of an individual’s work achievement after having exerted effort. * Cummings and Schwab (1973) and Whittenand Cameron (1998) believe that performance is ultimately an individual phenomenon with environmental variables influencing performance primarily through their effect on the individual determinants of performance – ability and motivation. * Behling and McFillen (1996) confirmed the link between high performance and leadership in the United States by developing a model of charismatic/transformational leadership where the leaders’ behaviour is said to give rise to inspiration, awe and empowerment in his subordinates, resulting in exceptionally high effort, exceptionally high commitment and willingness to take risks. It has been widely accepted that effective organizations require effective leadership, and organizational performance will suffer in direct proportion to the neglect of this (Maritz, 1995; Ristow, Amos and Staude, 1999).

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Should You Send the 4 Free ACT Score Reports

Should You Send the 4 Free ACT Score Reports SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There’s no such thing as a free lunch. Or is there? When you register for the ACT, you have the option to send your score reports to four colleges for free. So doesn’t it make sense to send them? Especially since the rest of the college admissions process can be so costly, shouldn’t you save money where you can? Maybe, but it could actually hurt your applications if you're not careful. We will examine this issue in-depth and help you make a smart decision in regard to whether to use the four free ACT score reports or not. Why Students Often Send the Free ACT Reports When you sign up for the ACT, you have the option of choosing four colleges to send your score reports to. The service isfree, so many students take advantage of it. Otherwise, the reports cost $13 per test date per school. (That means if you want to send scores from two different dates to multiple schools, it'll cost $24 per school.) Since most colleges require at least one test score, it can certainly save you money if you send some of the reports for free. Furthermore, some students think that sending the free score reports demonstrates interest in a college,as they're sending their scores in as early as possible. It might also motivate students to study harder since they know their scores are being sent straight to their top-choice schools. Reasons Why Sending the Free ACT Reports Could Be Harmful Even though you can save money on ACT score reports, there are some reasons why sending them without carefully considering the colleges you send them to can be a risky move. It's also important to note thatyou’re not getting any kind of a leg up in the college application process by sending scores early- colleges don’t keep track of or favor students who begin their applications earlier. Here's what Duke says on its admissions website: "'Demonstrated interest,' the amount of contact between an individual and our admissions office, is not a factor in our admissions process." And here's what Stanford says: "Stanford does not consider 'demonstrated interest' (e.g., visiting campus, participating in Summer Session, calling or emailing admissions staff, etc.) in making admission decisions." In other words, what matters in the end is how strong your completed application is- including how high your ACT scores are,which is where the risk comes in. The free score reports are sent automatically after your test is scored, so you can’t take the reports back if you look at your scores and find that they’re lower than you wanted. This means a college you might really want to go to now has your less-than-stellar ACT score and you can’t get it back. You're essentially losingthe option to send only your best ACT scores. Unless you want to intercept the score reports after they've been mailed. In addition, sending your free ACT score reports might not end up actually being that helpful. First, you might not end up applying to all four schools you list, especially if you’re taking the test as a sophomore or in the fall of your junior year. High schoolers tend to change their college lists quite a bit before they actually apply, so the list of your top four schools your junior fall will likely change by your senior year. Also, if you retake the ACT, unless you choose the exact same four schools, you’ll have to resend any new reports if you get a higher score the second time around. True, you’re saving money- and not wasting money even if you send your scores to a school you don’t ultimately apply to- but this just goes to show that the four free ACT score reports are not necessarily a helpful resource if you don't use them carefully.In short, the risk of sending a low ACT score might be higher than the reward(i.e., the money you save on sending fees). Although sending ACT scores is expensive, we'll discuss ways below to mitigate the costs and make the application process more affordable- all while keeping the end goal of getting into your dream school in mind. Sending the 4 Free ACT Score Reports: 2 Options While you don’t need to entirely forego sending your free score reports (though that is an option), you should pick the schools you send your reports to very carefully. We'll discuss the two best options you have for these score reports below. Option 1: Don't Send Any ACT Scores It’s not a bad option to just hold off on sending your four free score reports completely. This is the only way to ensure that a college won't end up with a low ACT score. Furthermore, it can be hard to predict as a sophomore or junior which schools you will apply to. In fact, the only schools you might know for sure you'll be applying to are your dream schools- that is, precisely the ones you don’t want to be sending scores to blind. While you might end up paying more for score reports down the road, this can be amuch smarter choice in the long run, asyou'll only be sending the scores you want to send to the colleges you're actually applying to. Not sending your ACT scores immediately can also make the test itself less stressful.You’re the only one who will see your scores for now. And if you need to retake it, you can. No having to stress about a college seeing your scores immediately! The downside to Option 1 is that ACT, Inc. doesn’t offer any fee waivers for sending scores, so if sending scores is a financial hardship for you, Option 2 might be the better choice. Option 2: Send ACT Scores to Safety Schools If you really want to take advantage of those four free score reports, send them to your safety schools- i.e., the ones you're fairly sure you'll apply to and won’t have trouble getting into.This way, even if your ACT score is lower than expected, you won't hurt your chances of admission. Plus, by sending the scores to schools you're sure you'll apply to, you’ll save money when it comes time to apply. For example, if there's a local public university that you’re positive you will apply to, that should be on your list of schools to send scores to. If possible, avoid sending your four free ACT score reports totop-tier schools.For these, you'll want to see your scores first and then decide whether you're retaking the test. This gives you some time to compare your scores from each time you've taken the ACT,lettingyou ultimately submit your very best scores to your most competitive schools. How to Save Money on ACT Score Reports Unfortunately, unlike the College Board (which administers the SAT), ACT, Inc. doesn't offer any fee waivers for ACT score reports.Whileyou can get a fee waiver for the test itself, there is no way to send score reports for free beyond the four you get with registration. Since ACT, Inc. treats each test date as a separate report, it can cost a lot of money to send all of your test scores to multiple colleges. Not all schools require you to send all your ACT scores, though. If they don't, you can save money by just sending the scores from your best test date. Some colleges that require all ACT scores, such as Stanford and Yale, have policies in place that let you send one set of scores and self-report the rest if sending score reports is a financial burden for you (though for both Stanford and Yale, you'll have toofficially send the rest of your ACT scores if you’re admitted). Other all-scores schools, however, aren't as clear about whether they have similar policies. If you have multiple ACT scores and one set is decidedly better than the others (i.e., it has a higher composite score and higher section scores), consider deleting the lowest score so that you only have one (presumably great) set of scores to send.This won't just make you look better to all-scores schools but will also save you money on score reports since you won't have as many to send. Other Tips for Sending ACT Score Reports Make sure to finalize your college application list by the fall of your senior year, andgive yourself plenty of time to send your scores so you don’t have to pay the $16.50 rush delivery fee. (Not to mention that the earlier you start the college application process, the less stressed you'll be!) Also, don't apply to 20 colleges, or some other crazy high number.All of those application and test-sending fees will add up, and you won't increase your chances of getting in, especially if you're applying to a slew of ultra-competitive schools. Instead,try to keep your list to 10 or fewer- and make sure to have a mix of safety schools, likely schools, and reach schools. Finally, carefully research Score Choiceandall-scores schools. For colleges you’re considering applying to, check whether they require you to send all ACT scores from all test dates, or just the scores you want to send. What's Next? What kind of ACT score should you be aiming for? Use our guide to create a target score based on your top-choice schools. Need to improve your ACT score, ASAP? Get a 10-day plan to go from a 25 to a 32. Want help studying for the ACT? We have the best study guide anywhere. Period. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Monday, November 4, 2019

A Discussion on Iron Deficiency

A Discussion on Iron Deficiency To be honest, I’m quite shocked that despite the very fact that iron deficiency is seen thus oftentimes, amazingly few individuals grasp pretty much concerning it. First of all, whats iron deficiency? because the name would counsel, it means the body doesn’t have enough of the mineral, iron, to try and do it’s job properly. Generally, the primary proof of this is often an occasional haemoglobin level, which suggests that the body doesnt have as several red blood cells because it is meant to own, or the quantity of haemoglobin in them is low. Not enough red blood cells or haemoglobin is termed anemia. Since there area unit variety of causes of anemia, tests area unit then run to rule out the a lot of frequent ones, and if they are available back with an occasional protein level (a check of body iron stores), we all know that theres a deficiency of iron, and that we decision the condition iron-deficiency anemia. Why is that this important? the work of your red blood cells is to move O from the lungsto each single cell within the body. thus if there’s not enough haemoglobin, then basically we’re depriving our bodies of O. O is important for life; its wont to convert fuel (food) into the energy required for each perform within the entire body. thus low haemoglobin = low O = suboptimal activity in each cell. Is it any marvel that symptoms of iron deficiency embrace fatigue, weakness, dizziness, issue concentrating, and a bunch of alternative potential problems? And what causes iron deficiency? Since iron is thus crucial for all times, the body doesn’t surrender th e mineral simply. the first reason for a deficiency is blood loss: menstruum, blood donation, injury, and gi hurt, which can occur with regular salicylate use or ulcers or for variety of alternative reasons. accumulated blood volume will increase desires for iron: pregnant ladies, athletes, and youngsters and teenagers having a growth spurt all have bigger blood volume and consequently have higher desires for iron. Another reason for iron deficiency is reduced absorption. There area unit some conditions which can cause reduced absorption, like Crohn’s or celiac disease; enteric surgery like viscus bypass; or taking medications that scale back abdomen acid, that is required for iron absorption. Another one, which can in all probability surprise, is high consumption of tea. Not coffee, just tea. All teas, black or flavoring, with the exception of Aspalathus linearis and Honeybush, contain tannins, and tannins interfere with iron absorption. As funny aside, throughout the time after I was learning bioscience in Washington, DC, my father was diagnosed with a iron deficiency anemia; he was shuttled around between doctors and blood specialists to undertake and puzzle out the reason for the deficiency to no avail. after I later detected of the case, the primary issue that popped into my mouth was â€Å"dad! You drink such a lot tea, after all you’re iron deficient.† He would simpl y drink 8-10 tiny (6oz) cups of tea throughout the day frequently. afterward day, he created a degree of not drinking tea for a time unit before or associate hour once his meals, and has not been anemic since. Finally, what does one do if you have got associate iron deficiency? you would like to dine in such some way that initial, youre overwhelming a lot of foods with iron, and second, that you just area unit increasing it’s absorption. Iron from animal sources is absorbed higher than iron from feeder sources. a number of the simplest animal sources embrace clams, liver, oysters, lean beef and turkey (dark meat). Of feeder sources, the simplest embrace soy merchandise (tofu, soybeans), white beans, lentils, fortified breakfast cereals, and roast pumpkin and Sesamum indicum seeds. To enhance absorption from feeder sources, its best to incorporate a supply of antioxidant within the same meal, as this victuals converts the iron to an improved. Examples embrace citrus fruits and juices, strawberries, bell peppers, kiwi, and lots of others. Another tip to urge a lot of iron in is to cook in forged iron kitchen utensil. particularly once you’re preparation one thing acidic (like p asta sauce), iron is leeched out of the pan into the food. Instant iron-fortified food! So iron is clearly necessary, however that actually doesn’t mean that everybody ought to begin supplementing his or her diets with iron. As i discussed before, the body doesn’t wish to get eliminate iron, thus if you’re not in an exceedingly deficiency state, taking associate iron supplement will simply cause iron-storage disease and toxicity. So, if you’re taking a multivitamin pill, it’s in all probability an honest plan to require one that doesn’t embrace any extra iron unless you recognize you would like it.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Student's Post Week 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Student's Post Week 1 - Research Paper Example Your post does not however seem to identify or compare characteristics of the practices and environments (Dlabay, Scott and Scott, 2010). I therefore think that you did not identify the exact objective of the discussion. I like your post’s concept about the United States’ reliance on foreign human resource. You also identify the concept of wage difference that encourages people to emigrate from their native countries into the United States for better wages. Based on your concepts, I identify two business environments that distinguish the United States from the international set up. The health care business environment in the United States lacks sufficient human resource for service delivery while its remuneration rates are relatively higher than rates in some segments of the international set up and this offers the nation a comparative advantage towards attracting human resource. Your experience therefore identifies sufficient knowledge of business operations and environment in both the United States and the international set up (Marber, 2007; Dlabay, Scott and Scott, 2010). Your proposed strategy to reconciling the different and contradictory views on globalization is valid, though it does not seem to be comprehensive. Researching on the views will only develop another knowledge base without significant impacts on the existing positions. This identifies the need for further initiatives and efforts for merging the views because of their respective opposition to each other. Reconciliation would also require a credible and analytical approach to merging the different opinions. I therefore believe that key parties to the different positions should be involved in the knowledge development and their hard lines determined before exploring long term and wide scoped impacts of globalization. The approach is likely to develop a central position but you only responded to one section of the discussion question