Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Essay -- essays research pape

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model This update will endeavor to clarify the Open Systems Interconnection Model, referred to all the more just as the OSI Model. The OSI Model has seven levels, and these levels will be talked about in detail. Specific notice will be made to which level TCP/IP capacities with the OSI Model. The seven degrees of the OSI Model are as per the following: 7) Application: Provides various administrations to the applications. 6) Presentation: Converts the data. 5) Session: Handles issues which are not correspondence issues. 4) Transport: Provides start to finish correspondence control. 3) Network: Routes the data in the system. 2) Data Link: Provides mistake control between neighboring hubs. 1) Physical: Connects the substance to the transmission media. In basic terms, the OSI model characterizes a systems administration structure for executing conventions. Is characterizes seven levels to achieve this. Control is passed starting with one level then onto the next, beginning at the Application (Level Seven) and working its way through the levels until it comes to and finishes Level One, the Physical level. When this cycle has been finished, control moves to the following station on the system and back up the chain of command. Since the procedure starts at the seventh level, the Application level, it will be nitty gritty first. As its name infers, this Application level backings applications, however it likewise bolsters opposite end-client forms. Client confirmation and protection on the system is consid...

World Population in Past 50 Years free essay sample

Throughout the previous 50 years, total populace duplicated more quickly than any other time in recent memory, and more quickly than it is anticipated to develop later on. In 1950, the world had 2. 5 billion individuals; and in 2005, the world had 6. 5 billion individuals. By 2050, this number could ascend to in excess of 9 billion (see graph World Population Growth, 1950-2050). Anthropologists accept the human species goes back at any rate 3 million years. For the vast majority of our history, these far off progenitors carried on a tricky presence as trackers and gatherers. Along these lines of life kept their all out numbers little, most likely under 10 million. In any case, as agribusiness was presented, networks developed that could bolster more individuals. Total populace extended to around 300 million by A. D. 1 and kept on developing at a moderate rate. Be that as it may, after the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century, expectations for everyday comforts rose and far reaching starvations and scourges lessened in certain areas. Populace development quickened. The populace moved to around 760 million out of 1750 and arrived at 1 billion around 1800. We will compose a custom article test on Total populace in Past 50 Years or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Total populace Distribution by Region, 1800â€2050 Source: United Nations Population Division, Briefing Packet, 1998 Revision of World Population Prospects; and World Population Prospects, The 2006 Revision. In 1800, by far most of the universes populace (85 percent) lived in Asia and Europe, with 65 percent in Asia alone (see outline, World Population Distribution by Region, 1800â€2050). By 1900, Europes portion of total populace had ascended to 25 percent, energized by the populace increment that went with the Industrial Revolution. A portion of this development overflowed to the Americas, expanding a lot of the world aggregate. Total populace development quickened after World War II, when the number of inhabitants in less created nations started to increment significantly. Following a large number of long stretches of incredibly moderate development, the human populace without a doubt developed dangerously, multiplying over and over; a billion people were included somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1975; another billion were included somewhere in the range of 1975 and 1987. All through the twentieth century each extra billion has been accomplished in a shorter timeframe. Human populace entered the twentieth century with 1. 6 billion individuals and left the century with 6. 1 billion. The development of the most recent 200 years seems touchy on the chronicled course of events. The general impacts of this development on expectations for everyday comforts, asset use, and the earth will keep on changing the world scene long after. Exponential Growth As quite a while in the past as 1789, Thomas Malthus contemplated the idea of populace development in Europe. He asserted that populace was expanding quicker than food creation, and he dreaded possible worldwide starvation. Obviously he was unable to predict how current innovation would grow food creation, yet his perceptions about how populaces increment were significant. Populace develops geometrically (1, 2, 4, 8 †¦), as opposed to numerically (1, 2, 3, 4 †¦), which is the reason the numbers can increment so rapidly. A story said to have started in Persia offers an exemplary case of exponential development. It recounts a shrewd retainer who introduced a delightful chess set to his ruler and consequently asked just that the lord give him one grain of rice for the principal square, two grains, or twofold the sum, for the subsequent square, four grains (or twofold once more) for the third, etc. The ruler, not being scientifically disposed, concurred and requested the rice to be brought from capacity. The eighth square required 128 grains, the twelfth took more than one pound. Some time before arriving at the 64th square, every grain of rice in the realm had been utilized. Indeed, even today, the all out world rice creation would not be sufficient to meet the sum required for the last square of the chessboard. The key to understanding the number-crunching is that the pace of development (multiplying for each square) applies to an ever-extending measure of rice, so the quantity of grains included with each multiplying goes up, despite the fact that the pace of development is consistent. So also, if a countrys populace starts with 1 million and develops at a consistent 3 percent every year, it will include 30,000 people the main year, just about 31,000 the subsequent year, and 40,000 by the tenth year. At a 3 percent development rate, its multiplying time †or the quantity of years to twofold in size †is 23 years. (The multiplying time for a populace can be generally controlled by partitioning the present development rate into the number 69. In this way, 69/3=23 years. Obviously, if a populaces development rate doesn't stay in light of present conditions, the anticipated multiplying time would should be recalculated. ) The development pace of 1. 2 percent somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2005, when applied to the universes 6. 5 billion populace in 2005, yields a yearly increment of around 78 million individuals. As a result of the enormous and expanding populace size, the quantity of individuals added to the worldwide populace will riain high for a very long while, even as development rates keep on declining. Somewhere in the range of 2005 and 2030, the majority of this yearly development will happen in the less evolved nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America whose populace development rates are a lot higher than those in progressively created nations. The populaces in the less evolved locales will in all likelihood keep on instructing a bigger extent of the world aggregate. While Asias portion of total populace may keep on floating around 60 percent through 2050, Europes divide has declined forcefully and is probably going to drop much more during the 21st century. Africa would pick up some portion of Europes partition, and the populace in Latin America and the Caribbean would remain moderately steady around 8 percent (see outline, World Population Distribution by Region, 1800â€2050, above). The more evolved nations in Europe and North America, just as Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, are becoming by under 1 percent every year. Populace development rates are negative in numerous European nations, including Russia (- 0. %), Estonia (- 0. 4%), Hungary (- 0. 3%), and Ukraine (- 0. 8%). In the event that the development rates in these nations keep on falling beneath zero, populace size would gradually decay. As the diagram World Population Growth, 1950â€2050 shows, populace increment in progressively created nations is now low and is relied upon to balance out. Terms Birth rate (or unrefined birth rate): The yearly number of births per 1,000 all out populace. Multiplying time: The quantity of years required for the number of inhabitants in a region to twofold its current size, given the present pace of populace development. Populace multiplying time is helpful to exhibit the drawn out impact of a development rate, yet ought not be utilized to extend populace size. Some increasingly evolved nations have low development rates. In any case, these nations are not expected to ever twofold again. Most, truth be told, likely have populace decreases in their future. Some less-created nations have high development rates that are related with short multiplying occasions, however are relied upon to develop all the more gradually as birth rates are required to keep on declining. Development rate: The quantity of people added to (or deducted from) a populace in a year because of characteristic increment and net relocation; communicated as a level of the populace toward the start of the timeframe. Less created nations: Less created nations remember all nations for Africa, Asia (barring Japan), and Latin America and the Caribbean, and the areas of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Progressively created nations: More created nations remember all nations for Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.

A not-so-typical day in the post-FYRE life

A not-so-typical day in the post-FYRE life I wrote the majority of this post a week ago, then slept, and lost my train of thought. Finishing it now. Pretend you are reading this on Saturday August 31. Im sitting in 4-237 (a classroom with nice tiered seating and projectors) with ~40 freshmen and ~10 ESP admins. Its Firestorm: ESP admins teach 5-minute-long classes on ANYTHING THEY WANT! Categories and classes tonight: Actual MIT Courses: 5-minute edition! -An average day in 5.112 5.12 -INTEGARLS* 3.091, or, How to Draw Pretty Pictures Course 7 *Yes, spelled this way. Classes That Really Shouldnt Be Taught in Five Minutes -General Relativity -Balloon Science -THE INTERNETS -Category Theory Please Dont Ask Me How I Know This -Save the Whales -Cyberespionage -Deaths of Mathematicians -Cetacean Mechanics Stuff You Havent Heard Of -Cow Facts -Minkowskis Theorem -Canada -Modular Origami 3e5 Milliseconds of 35 MIllisecond Pulsars How to Finish Your HASS Requirement in 50 Minutes   -Number Systems of the World -Morphology: All About Affixes -Game Theory, or How I Learned to Stop Losing and Love Math -The Cities of America, 1950 -Firestorm Choir -The Moons of Saturn -Music Theory -Mean Girls and Literary Analysis -Banach-Tarski Paradox MIT Survival -Baking! -Common Failures of Class Scheduling -Make a Website! GIRs: How They Work Student Government at MIT Serious Stuff with Silly Names -Serious Chemicals with Silly Names -Hairy Ball Theorem You can probably guess which one Im teaching. The class going on *right now* is Cow Facts, so heres a live transcription: THIS one is cool, and a little gruesome. Cows are not, like, very picky about what they eat, So they eat lots of thingsAnd sometimes they eat sharp pointy metal objectsThis causes something called hardware diseasethe preventative measure for this is actually feeding cows magnets. Im not joking. Good stuff. *     *     * Today began with a series of alarms, and a lot of sneezing. At some inhumane hour: my friend Davie 12s alarm (hes crashing with me for a few nights before moving into his new apartment), followed by Davies second alarm a few minutes later. At a much more reasonable hour (like, 10am) my alarm. I blew my nose twice. My alarm again, at 10:10. I blew my nose a few more times, then went back to sleep. Then 10:20. Then 10:30. At that point, I decided to drag my nasty cold-ridden body (I knew FYRE would get me sick eventually) out of bed and into the shower. I spread some brie on bread, took a banana off the top of the fridge, and clicked through a GRE practice exam. By noon, I was bored with the GRE practice exam, and decided to use I have a four-and-a-half hour standardized exam this afternoon! as an excuse to be completely unproductive. I walked across the river, then along the Esplanade, to a jetty: a piece of wood that sticks out into the Charles, and happens to have a few resident lawnchairs. I curled up in one, and read Green Mars for about an hour and a half, pausing every twenty minutes or so to shield my book and get rained on. Then it was time. I packed up, walked home, walked across the BU bridge to the Prometric testing center, put all of my personal belongings into a locker (water, keys, wallet, snacks, tissues, pretty much anything you could possibly want by your side during a 4.5-hour standardized exam long story short, the GRE is a miserable, physically tortuous experience) and sat down with headphones over my ears (headphones supplied by the testing center.) For four and a half hours, I used math that I havent learned fresh since middle school, wrote two half-hour essays with meaninglessly vague prompts, was surprised at how much my vocabulary has improved since taking the SAT, got my scores, was happy, and went home. I spread a bunch of asparagus onto a cookie tray, added salt, pepper, and olive oil, stuck it in the oven, dumped the asparagus into a Tupperware bin, and ate that as dinner en route to Firestorm. Which is where I am now.

Pay Framework Matalan

Sample details Pages: 34 Words: 10279 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Pay framework and store management of Matalan Retail The following paper is a report about the introduction of an innovative pay framework at the Matalan stores. The company is relatively new in the market since its inception in the year 1985. Though the progress has been staggering and the company has moved forward while imbibing some of the best management practices seen in corporate history, there is a slack in the current pay structure practised at Matalan. Though they had a formal structure in the past, at the moment each store has its own recruitment policies and salary structures. Thesis causing problems within the human resource department at each store due to the discrepancy in maintaining similar levels of pay structure. The company would need to undergo change and create a new pay framework, which imbibes all the concepts of equal pay to avoid any legal proceedings in the future. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pay Framework Matalan | Business Dissertations" essay for you Create order At the same time the paper also takes into consideration factors, which are important while trying to create pay frameworks for organisations motivation, communication channels, training and development, equal opportunities and similar non financial rewards which have proven to go a long way in improving performance at the work place. The report goes through a series of different headings which come together to weave a structure which best explains the problems, founding issues and a possible solution. Introduction Matalan is one of UKs leading clothing and home furnishings retailer. The quality of clothes and home ware is relatively high with an affordable price tag. It was John Hargreaves who founded Matalan; he initially discovered the concept of out of town selling at lower prices in the US markets. The learning process was enough for him to know that this could turn out to be a very successful retail strategy in the Upmarket. The first Matalan store was opened in Preston in the year1985. By 1995, the company had made tremendous progress and had 50 stores to their credit across UK. The year 1997 was one with multiple changes in the business strategy and management practices, since the company was growing at a phenomenal pace; the head office was moved to Skelmersdale to be in a better position to oversee company growth and management issues. The success was reinstated in the market with company floatation in the year 1998, at the moment Matalan trades from5 million square feet in over 170 stores. For the consumers the opportunity to shop at Matalan is very satisfying since they get unrivalled quality at unsurpassed prices. The strategy Matalan follows is to buy from the manufacturers and having out of town less costly stores, which enable them to pass on the cost benefit to the customers. Please refer appendix 2 for more information about Matalans positioning the UK market in comparison to other clothing retailers. A visit to a Matalan store reveals the complete family range the store has on offer, there is something for everybody. On an average the store size is an approximate 30,000 sq. ft. per store, the product range is comprehensive combination of home ware, clothing line for men, women and children. Each clothing line has a further divide in range and styles formal, informal, sporty, seasonal, modern basics to some very classical styling, other than having their own labels on display there are also other brands on offer Wrangler, Flamer, Lee Cooper, Wonder bra and Wolsey, this gives the customers a more balanced profile to choose from. The head office provides immense functional support tall stores across UK be it buying, merchandising, marketing, HRM,finance, operations or property management. To get a better understanding of what each store entails in terms of human resources, we have the following line up. Store Manager Deputy Manager Sales Manager Ladies wear Sales Manager Men swear Sales Manager Childrens wear Sales Manager Home ware Full and part time General Sales Assistants At the same time, there are flexible changes in the way roles might be managed in a store, in smaller stores the home ware and children swear departments are overlooked and managed by a one sales manager instead of two which is a norm in bigger sized stores. Matalan prides itself on some very progressive practices in all departments; the management believes that what they have on offer for employees is a fast track progressive career path, which is completely matched with ones personal ambitions to succeed. [www.matalan.co.uk] The pay framework at Matalan includes the following benefits and perks. Highly competitive Salary Bonus Scheme Discounted Share Save scheme Life assurance policy Private Health Care 10% discount at all stores Generous holiday entitlements [https://www.inretail.co.uk/pages/content.asp?PageID=311] The above is an insight into what Matalan Retail has to offer its employees and staff across the stores. There are problems with the current pay structure, some of the new recruits are paid with regards to market rates and this is not in sync with what is paid to the old recruits in similar roles. The local HR offices have been exercising autonomy in recruitment and salary structures, which might, create friction between employees, peers and draw inter store comparisons. There is no clear-cut strategy for assimilating information on employees, their satisfaction levels and ways to gauge their performance at work. All this and more in the long run can create some damaging effects to the organisations performance as a whole. The following report is to create an understanding and balance between problems, issues and executable solutions so that the company can align the employee/staff goals with the organisation objectives. Literature Review Michael Armstrong (2001), in his book, New dimensions in pay management talks about new systems and processes in reward management and pay structures. It also talks in length about the factors, which need consideration when planning a new pay structure in an organisation. It also covers methods of developing; introducing and evaluating new pay structures. Organisations in towards era have to move at a fast pace while adjusting to the changes in the internal and external environment. These pressure make these organisations react indifferent manners, it could be delayering, project based, flexible or continuous. The emphasis is on continuous improvements in terms of performance management, reward management, personnel appraisal, quality control and customer service. The quality of human resources within an organisation is considered a significant advantage and differentiating factor. The focus should also be on business strategies and using systems like reward management and performance appraisal to bring about change in organisations. The reward concept is a focused effort of various forms of rewards, base pay, variable pay, benefits and non-financial rewards. The significance of pay revolves around motivational strategy, attracting and retaining employees in their job roles to build a more effective organisation. The non-financial rewards include more recognition, praise, and training options, responsibility and although more studies on organisational behaviour have revealed that its the non-financial rewards, which have more scope for retaining employees. It was in the year 1990 that Ed Bawler spoke about the limitations of using this approach, The starting point for any reward system design process needs to be the strategic agenda of the organisation. Thus the first step in designing the reward system for an organisation is to focus on the individual and organisational behaviours that are needed in order for the organisation to be successful. Bawler further enhanced and improvised on this belief to cover all organisations, The business strategy, in particular, serves as a crucial guide in designing organisational systems because it specifies what the company wants to accomplish, how it wants to behave, and the kinds of performance and performance levels it must demonstrate to be effective. [Michael Armstrong (2001), cap 1-15] Shaun Tyson and Alfred York (1989) in their books Personnel Management, talk about how most organisations design their pay and wage packages based on the hierarchy. Another big difference is that blue-collar jobs are usually at an hourly rate, the wages are paid weekly or monthly basis and the salary earners are the ones who are Gina middle or senior management position. The differences are not limited to the salary; they also extend to the additional perks and benefits, which are offered to the employees. The objectives of a policy towards making a payment could be described as to remain competitive for labour whilst rewarding good performance and adopting a position on pay which is felt to be fair by all employees. [Shaun Tyson and Alfred York (1989), cap 210-211] The distinction that companies enjoy while treating different job roles with different salary structures is a matter of internal personnel philosophy. There are certain important criterions, which needs to be considered w hile planning a salary and wages structure If the company wishes to afford large salaries and pay packets to employees then they are working with the strategy of getting maximum output and high standards of quality and work from the employees. The effort to keep the standards high has to be sustained through time. If the company wishes to offer other benefits and perks like travel allowance, car, mobile phones, laptops, inflation proof pension etc., the other way of doing this could be by giving the flexibility to the employee to decide what structure would be most appealing to him or her in terms of salary spend. Another option is to trade off these benefits against wages. The most important factor to be seen by organisations remains retaining employees. They need to understand what appeals to the employees, what motivated them to work harder and perform better. Employee retention is a big problem and a lot of organisations are trying to tackle this through financial perks, raising salaries and other perks. There are options like profit share benefits and bonus schemes which also need to be worked through the system. This does not call for direct employee participation and might not prove to be a great motivational tool. There are policies on variation of pay frameworks, what needs consideration from management and organisations is whether pay is the main incentive and motivational tool for employees. They also need to understand the kind of employee evaluation scheme, which needs to be adopted and run. The organisations which operate from more than one location need to understand the repercussions of giving more autonomy to its line managers in terms of drafting salary structure and pay frameworks. The other option would be to draft a company wide policy and run it across all departments and locations irrespective of size, force and structure. The last step would be the pay reviews and how often one needs to undergo one at a certain location. The evidence, which is needed to corroborate what, the employee is saying and how the performance has been in the past. [Shaun Tyson and Alfred York (1989), cap 210-215] In the same way when one needs to approach the way wages are offered to the resources, the basic flat rate is what is paid to the employee based on the amount of work he or she has put in a specific time frame.ased on this principle the employee can actually generate more income by completing more pieces of workloads and assignments. A differential piecework is what in other words means time allowed system of piecework, other than the amount of bonus one earns, which is further shared between the company and the employee. There are then small group incentive schemes as well as long-term large group incentive schemes. Given that this paper is about a large sized retail organisation, a long term large group scheme should be a more worthwhile option to discuss although one does need to consider the number of revolving labour one is faced with at retail outlets. The big difference between these schemes is that they have a long-term goal to achieve, apply through the whole organisation/factory structure and try and involve the employees in the organisation structure and future objectives. Given the large rotating base of employees at large retail outlets, we will consider the authors views on small group incentive schemes. The advantages of these schemes are that they draw in the people and their tendency for bringing about a norm, which is acceptable and comfortable. This in turn leads to a team spirit, which does help while building a positive atmosphere at a store/outlet/organisation. In terms of paper work, these schemes are much easier to monitor and control. The cost savings in terms of money, manpower, effort is less considering the monitoring required, less inspection and savings onetime study periods. There are indirect workers who can also participate in these schemes, the workers, cleaners; store assistants can enjoy the same benefits and perks. There is a larger amount of flexibility and teamwork amongst the work force; the people themselves are keen to get rid of hurdles and bottlenecks in the work process to help provide better work environment. There are disadvantages to these schemes too; there might be impacts of group pressures on workers who are not as efficient as the others. The holidays and sickness leaves will easily upset the system; there would be a need to carve out special arrangements to tackle the holidays. Here could be problems with production, supply chain management that could in turn affect the performance of the employees. In retrospect this could create a substantial amount of disillusionment with the scheme. Coming back to the long-term schemes, there are many variations, which might apply to these. The Scan long plan (1947) was a suggestion plan as well as a collective incentive scheme. The suggestion scheme is what one comes across in a lot of production and manufacturing environments. The employees are asked to come up with suggestions on how to improve the efficiency levels and reduce time at work; these ideas are then enhanced and improvised by the management and the union. The bonus calculation in these cases is then based on the improvements shown in reducing the cost of good produced as well as improvements in the actual output, manpower per hour. Another set of work rules would be if there is a reduction in the sales revenue then the e employees would be deprived of a bonus irrespective of how hard they have worked. In long term view there is absolutely no motivational quality attached to this variation in pay structure. The other plan was introduced by Trucker(1955), which entailed the use of productive value or added value. This was based on a collective bonus scheme. The value in this variation is the difference between the sales revenue and the cost of raw materials and supplies. This approach is very fragile with regards to the effects market forces might have on this scheme. The advantage of these long-term large group schemes is that it will provide the incentive for long-term earnings. The employee participation helps overcome the most frequently seen sentiment to them versus us. The level of involvement with the management and production base is stronger than in other cases. This helps build trust and stability. Here is more scope of a wider base of applications, which can be used in the business, and the working of the organisation. The value added schemes are being adjusted to the changing conditions the company might be undergoing. [Shaun Tyson and Alfred York (1989), cap 210-220] There is however disadvantages to this long term, large group schemes. If these are actually applied across the whole production line, it might dissolve the sentiment of teamwork. These schemes need to have some form of bonus for the employees else it will have no incentive for them to perform better or to increase productivity. The larger the number of employees covered through this scheme the less the percentage which goes to each employee, hence in the final turn of events it reduces the usefulness. Another question rather doubt which arises is whether the individuals see their own efforts helping towards the final cause and long term goals of the scheme and production value. Here is a list of variables which can cause damage to the production process change in personnel, supervision, customer requirements, machinery, external environment changes. Michael H. Bottomed (1983), in his book, Personnel Management, talks about job satisfaction, motivational tools, compensation package sand benefits which are all integral factors affecting the performance of an organisation. The writer brings an interesting fact to the forefront; the compensation package for employees had grown more complex in the past years. A simple break down of the framework seems like a complex thing to do. It is now important to design frameworks, which suit the individual requirements and needs of the employees. Any organisation has to get the mix right for them to address issues like retention, attrition, motivation and performance. While designing the pay framework for an organisation, it is important to note the background of the corporation, individuals job roles and what they entail, individual pay systems and the after effects on the performance and reaction of the employees. The external factors, which affect the way organisations can design pay packages, is because of government taxation rules and pay restraints. A lot of writers have written on the total compensation package, perks and inducements. Simon (1958) refers to inducements as payments made by the organisation to its participants in return for contributions. Thomason (1981) identifies a level of consideration necessary to attract labour. Lupton (1975) suggests that the rules of a pay system say how effort is to be related to reward.[Michael H. Bottomed (1983), p 80 90] An interesting factor, which needs consideration, is the effect of compensation on behaviours. Two of these theories, which have surfaced, are those of expectancy and reinforcement. The critical component of the expectancy theory is the way people relate to compensation with the reward package offered as a result of providing a service. In an important study conducted by Schwa and Heneman (1975), this form of sentiment and perception was found strongest in workers with individual incentives schemes. The reinforcement model finds its origins in Skinners (1969) writings. The process defines and develops the patterns, which are experienced while pairing good behaviour with rewards and bad behaviour with punishment. The way this sort of conditioning takes place is through a learning process. The conditioning in this case is so deep and inherent that when an individual is faced with a similar situation, he/she reacts in similar manner as they have done before. [Michael H. Bottomed (1983) ,p 80 95] There are various types of payments and rewards, which can be introduced as part of the main structure. One the popular schemes are the bonus scheme, in effect the system of payments is through a bonus. There is a need to create a specific background before introducing this scheme; the management needs to be committed to the scheme. A big factor towards failure of most of these payment frameworks is the lack of ownership on part of the management. If the cost attached to the transition is not going their way, the management finds it easy to stop the process midway. The employees need to be part of any new scheme, which is in the offing; they need to know the implications, benefits, disadvantages and time frame needed for a successful introduction. The measures, which define productivity, are always a contentious issue and so the management and employees need to be on the same page. A feedback system needs to be in place through which all are informed of the progress made and how the employee stands in terms of rewards towards work input. Communication is essential while implementing any new system or process, the best route would be to discuss the progress, the ways the productivity can be increased and how can all gain the most. The work productivity measure is more or less decided based on the following methodologies The job role of the employee and the time input needed to complete the job at a satisfactory level The actual physical production of goods/commodities and the time taken to do so The actual physical production of goods/commodities and the cost of production An additional value achieved or the cost of labour The cost of materials used for production, cost needed to get a production going Another way of sharing benefits is through the profit sharing scheme. Good example for this would be NatWest, which introduced this scheme. The staff does reach a point of identification and self-achievement when the results are grouped. The employees feel a greater sense of loyalty and commitment towards the job and the organisation. The performance is not in isolation and with regards to personal achievements; the employees also begin to see the bigger picture and what it means to have greater financial success. At the end all businesses are about profit, the biggest sense of achievement is to derive a balance between employee cost and the profitability. The three common ways to determine how much to pay in the profit sharing scheme are as follows The amount of profits before tax The directors at their own discretion decide how much to pay the employees under this scheme The amount of profits accumulated after a certain limit has been reached Andrews (1975) talks about reasons, which are critical to the introduction of compensation and pay benefits. As mentioned before by many other writers, the employee base and staff are important resources, it is important for any business/organisation to retain and attract staff to meet the current and future objectives of the company. The staff at all times needs to feel that their efforts in the organisation are noticed and rewarded accordingly. There has to be encouragement and identification of interests, which match those of the employees with regards to reward management. The employees and staff need to be motivated and propelled to perform better and take on more responsibility during the course of their work. There is a need for asset criterion for differentiating between different job roles and titles, each one has its own set of complexities and leverage, this needs to be considered while preparing a compensation package. The company also needs to see some value in the amount of remuneration and rewards being given to the employee. All organisations need to have clear structure for career progression for all employees; they need to know what the future holds for them in the organisation hierarchy. All employees need to have some stability and ways to maintain their standard of living. [Michael H. Bottomed (1983), p 80 100] Clive Fletcher and Richard Williams (1992) in their book Performance appraisal and career development talk about appraisal schemes, equal opportunity employment, future challenges and opportunities in this sphere, persisting issues, maintenance and evaluation. The appraisal systems are an effective tool, which has helped a lot of organisations to collect information from the staff and employees about pays and promotions. An increase in the bonus scheme and other incentives, this was a motivating mechanism as well as a productivity enhancer. The management to further develop and plan the welfare of the personnel used the information collected. The appraisal system also acts as process line up for re visiting the initial recruitment decisions also place to decide the promotion schemes and incentives on offer. This can also be an effective communication channel, for introducing new training and development schemes for the personnel; the same can also be used for succession planning. There is an inherent change in the way managers think in current times, pay and rewards are important but appraisal systems will also show that family and time off work is as crucial, else there is bound to be high stress levels and chances of complete burn out. Gorier and Philpot (1978, p 2-5) in their paper point out the following, Whilst managers are concerned about their careers, they are equally concerned about their home and family life. Numerous comments on the difficulties of finding time for family and leisure activities whilst coping with a demanding job indicate the potential for conflict between these two areas of their life. The career concept has undergone an immense amount of change and managers are realising this while planning their internal performance management schemes. Work is no more in isolation, its involves the family and home life as well, else there will always be a carry overload syndrome from home to work and vice versa. An interesting quote in this direction of thought comes from Evans and Bartolome (1980, p7-10), Professional life affects the quality of private life on a day to day basis. But the reverse is not true; private life only affects the quality of professional life in extreme situations. The effect of private life on professional life is through its influence on major career and life decisions. Another issues which organisations now need to consider with stringent measures is that of equal employment opportunities. Equal opportunities could be based on gender, skills, nationality or religion among other factors. Organisations need to revisit their policies and regulations to ensure that they are not breeding grounds for lawsuits on various discriminatory grounds. A big reason why women have not moved too far with context to organisational skills is due to systematic barriers imposed by organisations, the attitude of the management and also partially due to their own behaviour and attitude towards career progression. If we consider the implications of the above issues with regards to retail stores like Matalan, there is a lot of temporary staff and permanent staff; a majority of the temporary staff comprise women. Organisations like Matalan need to consider the implications of treating the part timers and temporary employees as part of the larger picture, one that manages the day-to-day operations at the stores. These employees and staff need to be made part of an appraisal system too to ensure that there can be room for career development opportunities along with the full timers. Much of what has been said about women applies to members of different ethnic backgrounds and racial groups too. Their representation in management and as part of the professional roles is discriminatorily low. Although there have been steps taken to curb this partial reaction, there are still large gaps in the way these people have been treated by line managers. The performance appraisal training needs to consider the attitude and aptitude of these minority groups so that they can be pushed towards a better role when an opportunity arises. All the authors in the literature review have managed to cast important information regarding pay structures, motivation, career development, training and development, equal opportunity, discriminatory pay, appraisal systems to counter balance the changes organisations need to make in personnel management. This will help one understand better in terms of the changes Matalan needs to introduce to mitigate the problems they are currently facing. Methodology The Techniques used for data collection are both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research is exploratory; Quantitative research on the other hand involves statistical surveys to quantify factors previously exposed in qualitative research. Van Mane (1983, p9) defines qualitative techniques as an array of interpretative techniques which seek to describe, decode, translate and otherwise comet terms with the meaning, not the frequency, of certain more or less naturally occurring phenomena in the social world. The data collated for this paper has been primarily through desk research using the internet, online journals, books, reports and the Matalan website. Given the time frame and the confidentiality regarding information on the existing pay framework being used by the Matalan stores did not leave much room for secondary research. The data collated was ample to find out patterns in changes, which had taken place at the stores and the way the staff had reacted to them. It is also reflective of the management involvement and how prompt they are to react when a problem arises at the stores. The organisation culture also came in play while researching this paper, though there is autonomy in job roles, they need to curtail that freedom to ensure that uniform pay framework exists at all stores across job levels. Pay frameworks dont need to be dictated only by the internal conditions prevailing in the organisation, the existing market structure would also have some bearing to what is being offered to the employees and staff. Some authors have validated the authenticity and importance of personal interviews even though it is a more time consuming tool for data collection. The importance of interviews is summarised by Burgess(1982, p 107): the interview is the opportunity for the researcher to probe deeply to uncover new clues, open up new dimensions of a problem and to secure vivid, accurate inclusive accounts that are based on personal experience. Jones (1985, p 45) comments that, between these two extremes is an abyss of practice and therefore theory about the purpose and nature of the qualitative interview. In her view the main reason for conducting qualitative interviews is to understand, how individuals construct the reality of their situation formed from the complex personal framework of beliefs and values, which they developed over their lives in order to help explain and predict events in their world. Though due to time constraints and confidentiality factors, interviews were not possible, we have taken information from testimonials and case studies presented by employees at Matalan about the existing framework. Through the course of the research, there was some data collated from testimonials and case studies published on the Matalan corporate website. Though each shows Matalan in a very positive frame, there is no doubt that the company website wont carry information on grudges the employees and staff might have with the way the organisation operates, the management issues and the unsatisfactory pay frameworks. The grounded analysis by Glaser and Strauss (1967) provided major benefits while understanding how the data collected from the testimonials and information from desk research had been analysed. It needs feel and intuition, there is no logical sequence one needs to follow to decipher results, there is constant sifting through, comparison with what has been found, and eventually there are some patterns, themes and categories, which emerge giving way to concepts.[Smith Easter-by Mark, Thorpe Richard and Lowe Andy (2003), p 100 130] Data Collection and Findings A report into the Matalan Store Pay framework shows that there areissues and ample grounds for legal proceedings. The way the paystructure is as of now can be the cause for a potential equal pay claims or a sex discrimination pay. The management considers the progress more through the level of jobs instead of the level of responsibility. There is no clear strategy for internal recruitment at the moment. There are reasons for dissatisfied managers due to lack of transparency in the pay structure. The new recruits are being paid at the level of market salaries whereas the internal managers are still at the old pay roll system. The HR Managers involvement and management is not up to the mark and so a lot of decisions are being taken in isolation. This is resulting in greater instability and inconsistency.All over the staff is not very motivated to perform better and the morale is low. The area managers are taking the liberty to spend from recruitment budgets, as they like instead of focusing on performance appraisals and assigning Key performance indicators. There is no clear-cut strategy for staff and employees to know they career progression and reward management system for work input. There is no room for any additional training or communication between staff and management, this will eventually lead to a downfall in performance and inability to meet company objectives. The flip side to this information comes from some of the employee testimonials pasted on the Matalan web site, all employees seem very satisfied with the response they garnered from the management when each one applied for a job. The work environment seems conducive, the management has made efforts to ensure that the employees are comfortable with facilities like diners, there are rotating job shifts when one person has to put in extra hours once a week, but this is an understood requirement. The employees are also paid company bonus as well as production bonus, which should keep them satisfied. The people are cross-trained so that teams can offer help when there is additional pressure at the stores. The work atmosphere is relaxed and comfortable to work in; its ok to have a laugh if the work is being done. There is always additional support from team leaders and line managers who are there to lend a helping hand or offer a solution to a problem. The employees seem content with the way the business is progressing; they all think that the organisation is headed towards an expansion and more profitability. All this brings them together to pull through and perform better so each one can benefit in the final round. One important issue which needs consideration is that these were testimonials and case studies published on the Matalan web site and so even if there are contradictory issues regarding pay structures and reward management, they would not be brought up. Most of the staff,which has contributed to this effort, are mostly employees and not so much the temporary staff whi ch is easy to find but difficult to retain .Please refer the appendices for more information on what the employee sat Matalan have to say about the pay stricture, work environment and bonus schemes. Analysis and Implications As we have seen before, pay and rewards management are integral to happier employee base and a great tool for motivation and increasing productivity. The two cannot work in isolation, pay and rewards still need a helping hand from a line manager or management efforts, which are reflective of their involvement while overseeing the welfare of the employees and the staff. Communication goes a long way in opening up channels for improvisation, increased efficiency and involvement. In the long run the after effects of human resource management,performance appraisals do not seem like problematic issues but if not tackled at the right time with sensitivity, they can affect the overall performance of the organisation. The Matalan pay framework has immense scope for improvement and changes, which will not only benefit the organisation but also make a difference to employee performance. Conclusion Organisations are now cutting down on their structure and employee base to keep the momentum going while moving into future stages of advancement. There is actually a great amount of discrimination in the junior and middle management job roles. Since the advent of technology and greater input of the same in business and organisations, there is need for more specialist positions. Companies now seek more flexibility in job rotation and employee commitment towards changes, which might be internal or external. A core aspect of this flexibility is to have staff, which is trained for their respective job roles, and have the skill to work on a variety of other roles as well. For this group of people, promotion is not in the line of a career graph since the need for more flexibility and room to perform. To keep the motivational levels going, the organisations need to use pay as a tool for getting optimum performance levels. Along with all these changes, there is also need for new ways to reward and pay the employee base. More attention needs to be paid to appraisal systems to get a higher performance from the staff. There is a continuous argument about the relation between pay and performance, as much as people would like to break the two,there is a parallel relationship. There are other means of ensuring that the employees are satisfied and willing to perform harder at their job roles. Yet all motivational tools do finally lead to pay, reward sand monetary benefits. In conclusion, it had been more than apparent that although cash asa pay and reward tool is very important in terms of motivation, it is not the be all and end all for employee satisfaction and organisation performance. A complete package is something which adds value to the lifestyle of the employee/staff and that cannot be done solely on monetary terms. There has to be a balance and creation of better opportunities for growth and development, only then will the organisations be able to create a level of commitment and loyalty towards the job role and the organisation objectives. The commitment from the employees has to be whole hearted and inspired by the efforts the management puts in to gain the maximum in terms of productivity and efficiency. For this there is an increased need for fuller communication and familiarity with the work force. The organisation and management need to listen to the employees and their beliefs since the yare the ones who run the daily operations and would be at a greater advantage point to know the advantages and places for improvement. To do so the overall organisation philosophy towards the work force needs to remain simple and compact, this will stream line the process and engage in a more complete relationship between the organisation and employees. Recommendations The Company has acted on the implications of introducing a clear-cut pay framework at all Matalan stores. The Chairman in his review divulged that an employee benefit trust was introduced to offer more incentives and a way to retain Matalan key management by offering company shares. An additional retention bonus is being offered to the key senior management and staff during the same period. This will be offered in the form of share options, this scheme was introduced and executed in the years 2003-2004. Organisations are now working in highly competitive environment among other resources the most important are the employees. They are the biggest assets for any company/enterprise. The biggest threat that companies now face is the attrition rate at which employees are leaving and moving jobs, a big reason identified for this problem is better pay. As much as this would stand true in most situations, the senior management needs to become more involved in the tackling lf this critical issue. Exit interviews with employees will reveal that though Pay is instrumental in their moves and performance management, there are other factors at play too. These are the non financial rewards and perks in the form of avenues of training and skill development,appreciation tokens from senior management, communication from line managers about god performance, timely talks to boost morale and commitment. All these are factors which make the employees feel that they are part of the organisation, this is when they can start focusing on the bigger company objectives rather than focusing on their individual roles and tasks. Matalan has shown their commitment towards employee retainer ship programs but they need to work further to ensure that staff in stores is also part of this bigger objective. The store staff is the one, which is responsible for the day-to-day management of the sales and revenues. The following are some ways to increase the involvement of the staff and boost their morale through non-financial rewards. Introduce an employee suggestion box, the best suggestion would be implemented across the store and if successful, the execution would then be carried out across all stores. Introduce a store news letter which provides a platform for showing recognition to staff and employees for achieving their targets Training and development programs which give an insight into a career progression plan within the store design A special discount scheme for the best employee/staff for achieving their assigned targets and performance indicators Room for promotion if one is constantly showing a success rate at all that they have been assigned in the job role Constant reviews and communication between the management and the staff Timely informal meeting of the store management and staff during non official hours to display the commitment of the organisation towards staff management A more transparent pay scale, which offers timely rewards to employees/staff who are performing well. Incentive scheme for the old and new based on performance. On the financial side of the pay system for store population, there Lisa need for reforms too. The management needs to give consideration to the fact that the employee base is constantly changing giving the assistants who are constantly in and out of the role. A different pay scale for the temporary and permanent staff The permanent staff needs to see the commitment of the management towards their welfare and benefits The temporary staff needs to see incentives and perks too so that they can aim to convert into permanent staff The career progression path needs to have simplicity and transparency, an equal platform for all staff if they want to achieve more in their respective area of work Benefits and perks for all those who meet the key performance indicators A certain amount of autonomy is always good for the store managers or the area managers and yet there needs to be a set guideline towards recruitment and pay structures from the head office. This will help create a uniform and consistent plan regarding recruitment and pay structures. A monthly Appraisal system for both permanent, temporary and part time employees and staff Implementation Plan All the information we have collated and discussed above seems to charter out an implementation plan for the work force at Matalan. To briefly summarise what will need to be accomplished at the stores would be easier done with cost analysis and time schedules. Though the recommendations have been towards both financial and non-financial rewards and pay structures, there is only so much, which the organisation can execute given the expenditure, resources and time needed. For these reasons the objectives have been grouped to enable easier execution. There is a need for a well-being program which might offer free health advice and regular check ups. The organisation could also offer insurance, give out regular seminars about work health related problems. A current favourite with a lot of organisations is subsidised membership to a gym unless they have the capacity to provide one on their own premises. Like other retail organisations it would also help to provide some sort of cover for death and disability for employees who have been with the company over a significant period of time. Retirement and Pensions options are proven methods to combine long term employment plans, since more and more people are now concerned about the future and monetary savings. Car parking facilities near the work premises might seem trivial but it goes a long way in providing that much needed comfort when people struggle with parking lots during peak hours. An appraisal system to ensures that employees who perform well are given special assignments to prove their full potential; this also makes the employees feel more appreciated. Stock options and more creative opportunities are great ways of fostering empowerment amongst the employees; the feeling of ownership in the company makes one feel more responsible towards higher productivity and greater efficiency. The first step would be to introduce a charter covering all the above and recommendations which can be implemented by the human resource personnel at Matalan within specific time schedules and costing. Then the charter will be introduced across all Matalan stores;there is a need to be sensitive towards employees and staff in times when there will be structural changes within the organisation. Bringing all employees on one platform and level will need time and patience.Once the issues are formally on the forefront there is a need to plantime sheets and costs needed for additional training and integrationprocess. All these efforts will need process mapping to get from pointA to point B successfully. If the organisation works in arms with the employees and staff, this implementation plan can get major headway inless time then implied. Communication channels would need to open atall times to ensure the smooth transition from old to new paystructures. Learning Review There was an immense amount of learning while writing this paper and doing the background research into facts and figures. Organisational behaviour and human resource management are very integral aspects of any company. The management perspective on both these aspects has changed, more and more time effort and resources are being allocated to ensure that the company objectives are met while keeping a balance between the management and employees. As an employee all one expects lisa clear path towards progress and appreciation while achieving targets set by the management and on a personal level. Pay structures are important to bringing some amount of stability and transparency in the way the organisation operates. Rewards and Pay are seen as major forces for motivating the employees to perform better. At the same time a lot of stress has been laid on the non-financial aspects like skill development and training, value added perks like family holidays,appreciation on part of the management, open channels for communication between management, employees and staff. This paper brings to light allot of factors, which are misguided efforts towards failure. The organisation goals and objectives have to be in line with the individual job roles and performance indicators. Only when employee swill perform in their individual job spec would the company progress towards their pre determined targets. The internal base and resources need to be strong to contend with external forces in the environment like competition, changes, market structures, target audience, customer reactions and legislative rules. An individual needs to be motivated and appreciated for the efforts they put in, it is not pay which always drives a person to enhance performance. If some more research were put in understanding reasons why employees feel a need to change jobs, pay would probably be among the lower rung of reasons provided. References and Bibliography Y Gorier and N. Phil pot (1978), The British Manager: Career and Mobility, Management survey report No. 39, British Institute of Management P. Evans and F. Bartholomew, Must success cost so much? (Grant McIntyre 1980) Armstrong Michael and Brown Duncan (2001), New Dimensions in Pay Management, London, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Bottomed H. Michael (1983), Personnel Management, Great Britain, Pitman Publishing Fletcher Live and Williams Richard (1992), Performance Appraisal and Career Development, Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes Publishers Ltd Holloway Jacky, Lewis Jenny and Mallory Geoff (1995), Performance Measurement and Evaluation, London, Sage Publications Tyson Shaun and York Alfred (1989), Personnel Management, Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann Ltd Fletcher Clive and Williams Richard (1985), Performance Appraisal and Career Development The personnel management series, Melbourne, Century Hutchinson Publishing Group Smith Easterby Mark, Thorpe Richard Lowe Andy (2003), Management Research An Introduction, Great Britain, The Cromwell press Ltd. Burns C. Alvin and Bush F. Ronald (2000), Marketing Research, USA, Prentice Hall International From the Internet https://www.matalan.co.uk/careers/testitxt.htm Appendices Appendix 1 Clerks Administrators Ray Fryer Distribution Clerk Ivebeen at Matalan Retail Limited for 3 years now and can see things are quickly changing, its getting busier and systems and safety have improved. I worked at a pizza production company previously, which was closing down. Matalan Retail Limited had dropped in some application forms and I dropped off my application into Matalan Retail Limited the same morning. I was amazed when, the same afternoon, I received a phone call inviting me for an interview. I like working here because the people are really friendly and great to get on with. The money is alright too and the bonus has been good for the past few months. We are paid a productivity bonus related to our team and are also paid accompany bonus twice a year. And, because the business is growing so quickly, theres lots of overtime, if you want it. As a Distribution Clerk my role is really important to store communication. I input data onto a computer for all the products, which have been loaded in the bays for delivery to a store. I then print out information sheets which detail all the products, which are being delivered, and these sheets are given to the driver and then passed on to the store when the load is delivered. Without this information the store wouldt be able to manage their stock. My jobs busy. I could be producing up to 60information sheets per day, but the shift passes quickly and I feel are al part of the team. Robert Insane Administration Assistant IAve been at Matalan RetailLimited for 7 months now. I was looking for a job and a friend told me that there were some jobs at Matalan Retail Limited and to contact the job centre. I applied and was taken on as a Team Member. My main ambition was to work in an office, so each day I checked the communication boards to see if there were any jobs advertised. I was offered a hanging clerks job initially but I wanted to work regular office hours so waited knowing that it wouldt be too long before advocacy occurred. As soon as I saw this vacancy advertised I filled inane application form. 3 4 days later I received an interview then the next day was offered the job. I was delighted. My normal working hours are 8.30 5pm but we do have a rotate which allocates one person each week to stay late if any work needs doing. Our work in the Distribution Administration Team is to provide management information and the information we provide has to be accurat e or this can cause problems with forward planning. We report on what comes into the DC and what goes out to stores, we manage stationery and take care of administration for facilities management. Even though we are working to deadlines, its a relaxed atmosphere because we are given reasonable time to get the job done. And we have a laugh while doing it. In some of the other places Iave worked you felt as though you couldt have conversation with your colleagues. The attitude within our team is that as long as the work is done, then everything is fine. I feel really secure in my job because the business is expanding so quickly and moving in the right direction. Management are always approachable, it pays well and the onsite facilities such as the Bay side Diner make this great place to work. Paul Cobblestone (Age 27) Administrator Id been working for temporary agency for quite a while and decided that I now wanted to develop my career in a full time permanent role. I saw Matalan RetailLimited advertising jobs at local jobs fair in Kneelers and decided to apply. Iam glad I did. I work 8.30am to 5pm, Monday to Friday and love every minute. You see, no two days are the same. Theres always anew challenge, lots of variety and new deadlines to meet. I thought that working to deadlines would be stressful but it ismt. If you rerunning out of time while trying to get a report done then theresal ways someone to lend a hand as were all cross-trained and everyone knows what each other is doing. The team is responsible for producing reports. This can be anything from monitoring absence, inputting data and producing the reports to help management with work flow and scheduling, through to producing target and performance reports which show how well the warehouse teams have been performing. Our workdayst stop there though. We do more than produce reports. We also ensure any shop floor maintenance work is done which means we could be arranging contractors/suppliers, producing orders and making sure that the work is done as soon as possible to ensure minimum disruption to the warehouse teams. What I enjoy is that even though we are all busy everyone is on the same level and we all pull together to achieve results. Testimonials-Team Members Dave Bradbury Team Member Hanging Team. A friend told me about Matalan Retail Limited. I was in a job but really unhappy wit hit. I didt know anything about the work and thought that working in factory would be dirty and repetitive. I soon found out different. It is a lot better than I anticipated. Its clean and the atmosphere is very friendly. I work with a team unloading hung clothing delivered to the Distribution Centre from suppliers. Its quite easy; I just lift the clothing from the lorry and place the garments on a rail. The weights are not heavy and although were sometimes very busy, the workingt pressurised. Not all employers are the same. Here at Matalan Retail Limited the bosses look after you. You are treated with respect and like an adult. Working at Matalan Retail Limited has really helped to build up my confidence. One thing I really like about working here is that you are allowed to have a laugh with your teammates as long as the work is getting done. Id say this was easy work and the moneygood. Colin Ea die (age 38) Team Member Assembly Id worked for local telecommunications company for over 12 years as a Team Leader and then a Production Planner. I knew the job inside out but was quickly becoming bored. There was no challenge any more. I wanted something different to do. My sister worked at Matalan Retail Limited and she recommended I apply. Iave only been here for 5 weeks and already I feel part of the family. The people are really welcoming and helpful and the atmosphere is good. Our work ismt rocket science but our team appreciates the importance of doing our job well. We are all pulling in the same direction. We know that if we dont get it right at our end then it affects everything. You see, I work on assembly. We make up the final deliveries, which are to be sent to individual stores. If the stores dont receive the right stock, then the customer scant buy. What I enjoy about the job is that no two days are the same but you always know what you are doing when you come in to work. We are briefed at the beginni ng of our shift on how well we performed the night before and what our goals are for that day. At Matalan RetailLimited Iave found a job I enjoy in a much more relaxed atmosphere. Paul Gallagher (Age 19) Team Member Returns Team Even though my mum worked at Matalan Retail Limited, I didt know much about the company. I knew it sold clothes and that was about it. I was working for a local company previously fitting air conditioning but wanted more satisfaction from my job. My mum suggested I consider working in the Distribution Centre at Kneelers At first I didt fancy the idea of working in a factory. I had worked in factories before and found the work to be boring it ismt like that at Matalan Retail Limited. Ivebeen at Matalan Retail Limited for a couple of months now and it has turned out better than I anticipated. I was made to feel welcome from the very beginning and the training is excellent it never stops. Even if you forget something you are not made to feel stupid. You retreated as an equal by everyone, even management, so if help is need edits very easy to ask. I work as part of a small team of 8 in the Returns Department. We receive faulty goods returned by our stores throughout the country. Within the team I get to do lots of different things from unloading the trailers through to scanning goods. One thin gI love about working at Matalan Retail Limited is that no matter how busy we are, we still have a laugh doing our job. Testimonials Team Trainer Andrea Jenkins Team Trainer Ivebeen with Matalan Retail Limited for 7 years now. Previously, I was working within a quality control role with an ice cream manufacture rand felt that my career wast moving forward. I wanted to progress and heard that at Matalan Retail Limited your career could progress and progress, dependent on your ability of course. I started in a QC role checking the quality of clothing supplied by manufacturers. After only4 months, I was promoted to Pick Clerk where Id run hourly reports to keep tabs of pick figures. I enjoyed this role, but Matalan RetailLimited offers variety and I have the chance to move across to Posting Clerk where Id register deliveries on the system. As I learnt more and developed I felt I needed more challenge, so applied for a Team Leader role. I was promoted again. As the Team Leader I looked after around 40people assigning tasks to co-ordinate incoming stock. Now I am a Team Trainer. I help the Supervisor run the department and am responsible for administration an d training. I keep the team informed on whatgoing on and provide any training that they need. I play a large parting keeping the team happy and motivated but this ismt too difficult as the people are all so nice we all have a laugh and are very close. Ire ally enjoy my job but if that ismt enough I even get time off, when am on late shift, to go and play netball for the company netball team. Testimonials Supervisor Jamie Hume (Age 28) Supervisor, Assembly Department Imin charge of around 60 people working in the Assembly Department. Within 10-15 minutes of starting work, the Supervisors of each Department meet with the Shift Managers who bring everyone up to date on where the Distribution Centre is up to in terms of targets, special instructions for the shift and manpower. I filter the information through to the Team Leader who briefs the team. I play a large part in the management of the Assembly Department, If I dont make sure that the job is being done right, then the system could fall down. But I am not alone a Team Leader and two Team Trainers each shift, plus the Shift Manager support me if help is needed. Everyone here works as ate am and everyone is supported in their role. That includes me. I am supported and developed by management as much as I support and continually develop my team. Matalan Retail Limited is a decent company to work for and it is improving all the time. When I first joined, as ate am member, about 4 years ago, I kn ew very little about Matalan retail Limited. The product range surprised me and that it soldbranded clothes. Its a fast-moving business and even though the work is challenging and busy, the targets are realistic. For me, one of the most satisfying things about my job is reaching shift targets but then again, I couldt do this without a motivated, enthusiastic team. Testimonials Shift Manager Tom Loather (Age 40) Shift Manager I was made redundant by a retailer, which closed down a part of its business. Being in the retail industry for a while I knew about Matalan retail Limited that is, when it started, how it started, the growth it was experiencing. The word on the street was that Matalan RetailLimited was growing and seen by other retailers to be taking a slice of the market. I decided to have a look at Matalans web site to see if there were any jobs available. There was and I applied immediately .Iave been here for 18 months now and have seen so many improvements in this short time. Communication cascades from management down and from the shop floor up and theres more forward planning. We used to experience peaks and troughs in work scheduling but this has smoothed out now which means we dont have as much down time. All these changes mean were nearly always working up to maximum capacities. Staff mismanaged better, which improves productivity. People are cross-trained for different teams, which provi de them with variety and ensures areas,which are busier have a large enough team to meet targets. Weave also introduced an NVQ training scheme so people benefit from career progression. Matalan Retail Limited and the positive change it is experiencing means my role is very hands-on and diverse. Because systems are not cast in stone I have the flexibility to do things differently and this gives me more control. No two days are the same and this is what I really enjoy. I dont have time to sit and wonder what to do next. The people also make the job fun. The people, the volumes, and the atmosphere each day we have a different target to meet. The team makes sure that each and every store throughout the country has the products it needs, when they need it. And we do all this in a busy relaxed environment.

Private Facts About How to Write My Self That Only the Pros Know Exist

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Vitamin K Free Essays

Vitamin Mineral Project Sundria Carroll February 22nd, 2011 Diet 1310 650 Brenda Speight, Instructor Vitamin K Vitamins are a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism, found in minute amounts in natural foods or sometimes produced synthetically. Vitamins help our bodies metabolize nutrients and grow cells. They come in two forms: those tat dissolve in water (vitamins B C) and those that are absorbed and stored in fat (vitamins A, D, E, and K). We will write a custom essay sample on Vitamin K or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vitamin K named for the German word for clotting â€Å"koagulation† is responsible for enabling your blood to clot, ensuring you don’t bleed out from a paper cut or small scratch. Vitamin K also teams up with calcium to strengthen your bones. Because vitamin K is fat soluble, be sure to consume this nutrient at the same time as a (healthy) fat because it will aid with its absorption. Some studies indicate that it helps in maintaining strong bones in the elderly. Vitamin K participates in the synthesis of bone proteins. Without vitamin K the bones produce an abnormal protein that cannot bind to the minerals that normally form bones. This results in bone density. Researchers continue to discover proteins needing vitamin K’s assistance. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding is a rare disease that occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000 newborns. The disease can cause significant damage to the brain of the newborn, and in some cases can also lead to death. It has been said that there is some good news about vitamin K deficiency bleeding is completely preventable. You can safeguard your baby from vitamin K deficiency bleeding by giving extra vitamin K to your child after birth. Newborns present a unique case of vitamin K nutrition because they are born with a sterile intestinal tract, and the vitamin K producing bacteria take weeks to establish themselves. To prevent any hemorrhagic disease in newborns usually a single dose of vitamin k is given. If for any reason the mother took medication for blood clotting, tuberculosis, or epilepsy during pregnancy, it is recommended that the baby be given Vitamin K through injection. The reason is that such babies may not be able to properly absorb Vitamin K orally. Vitamin is not toxic when consumed orally, even in large amounts. However, menadione (a synthetic, water-soluble vitamin K precursor) can cause toxicity and should not be used to treat vitamin K deficiency. People taking this drug should eat vitamin K enriched foods to keep their intakes consistent from day to day. Significant food sources: Bacterial synthesis in the digestive tract, liver, leafy green vegetables, cabbage, and milk. Specific recommendations depend on age, gender, and other factors (such as pregnancy). The best way to get the daily requirement of essential vitamins is to eat a balanced diet that contains a variety of foods from the food guide pyramid. The Food and Nutrition Board at the Institute of Medicine recommends the following dietary intake for vitamin K: Infants * 0 – 6 months: 2. 0 micrograms per day (mcg/day) * 7 – 12 months: 2. 5 mcg/day Children * 1 – 3 years: 30 mcg/day * 4 – 8 years: 55 mcg/day * 9 – 13 years: 60 mcg/day Adolescents and Adults * Males and females age 14 – 18: 75 mcg/day * Males and females age 19 and older: 90 mcg/day If you take Warfarin (a blood thinner), one should know that vitamin K or foods containing vitamin K can affect how the drug works. To get more information one should ask their health care provider how much vitamin K or vitamin K-containing foods they should consume. Bibliography Hamrick I, Counts SH. Vitamin and mineral supplements. Wellness and Prevention. December 2008; 729-747. Rolfes, Sharon and Ellie Whitney Understanding Nutrition 11th Ed Belmont CA 2008 http://www. kosmix. com/topic/vitamin_k/overview/adam20#ixzz1KfWhlT00 http://www. osteoporosis-vitamins. com/vitamin-K-toxicity. html How to cite Vitamin K, Papers

Two Years are Better than Four Essay Example

Two Years are Better than Four Paper In the essay â€Å"Two Years Are Better Than Four, author Liz Addison declares that Rick Perlstein and friends say college is not mattered, is coming to an end. As Liz does, as a college student I also swiftly, disagree with them, college’s experience shows me, that I can learn in a quick matter of time, with less money, and move on my life with my head full of knowledge ready to work. And perhaps move forward to a higher level. I feel nowadays, many university students tend to quit school; they are full of debts without jobs, they thought maybe they are wasting their time. I know this because I have an older brother who is attending Sacramento State, who is having to take out loans, accepting the fact, he may be in debt for some time. Yet he strides to work his very best, in school movativing me todo the same as well. I think, going to college is a halting place to go through before university; and it is a smarter way of thinking to do so. A short summarize of the content wi ll show how college is a matter. First, community college gives a chance to everyone who wants to follow their dreams to do so. In addition, the door is open to everybody without any social range or economic, a low-income person will be welcome in college. As an example, I intend to be a correctional officer, yet I chose college to study the first levels, have a degree, find a job and later seek admission to the university. I strongly agree with the state that Liz borrows from Thomas Jefferson, â€Å" Everybody should have an education proportional to their life†. Unfortunately, the average income between rich and poor in America is not accurate, everyones supposed to become somebody in life; college gives opportunity to everyone who wants to do so, to become whatever they want, and at any age with a low cost. I still say Perlstein is wrong, as much as the income level between rich and poor in America stays unbalanced; college will always be there to gives an opp We will write a custom essay sample on Two Years are Better than Four specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two Years are Better than Four specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two Years are Better than Four specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

s The Knight And The Squire

Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is about twenty-nine pilgrims who join Chaucer on a pilgrimage to Canterbury to the shrine of Saint Thomas A. Becket. Two of the people on the journey are the Knight and the Squire. Although the Knight is the Squire’s father, their personalities, appearances, and reasons for going on the pilgrimage are completely opposite. The Knight is â€Å"a most distinguished man.† He fought and won many battles. His chivalry motivated him to do the best that he possibly could. On the other hand, the Squire had not been in many battles. He was not concerned with chivalry, but was more concerned with how this quality would make him look. He was more interested in impressing women than fighting. Along with their different feelings about knighthood, the two also differed in appearances. The Knight dressed humbly in a simple tunic which was â€Å"stained and dark† from battle. However, the Squire’s clothes were extravagant, and he had â€Å"locks as curly as if they had been pressed.† He spent the majority of his time on his appearance. Another difference in the two is their reasons for going on the pilgrimage. The Knight was on the pilgrimage for religious reasons and to â€Å"render thanks.† As much as this journey was religious to the Knight, to the Squire it was completely opposite. The Squire saw this pilgrimage as basically a vacation. Despite the fact that they are father and son, the Knight and the Squire are truly separate individuals. The Knight is modest and whole-hearted, whereas the Squire is cocky and self-centered. While the Knight is perfect and whole-hearted, the Squire is extremely hypocritical.... 's The Knight And The Squire Free Essays on Thje Canterbury Tale\'s The Knight And The Squire Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is about twenty-nine pilgrims who join Chaucer on a pilgrimage to Canterbury to the shrine of Saint Thomas A. Becket. Two of the people on the journey are the Knight and the Squire. Although the Knight is the Squire’s father, their personalities, appearances, and reasons for going on the pilgrimage are completely opposite. The Knight is â€Å"a most distinguished man.† He fought and won many battles. His chivalry motivated him to do the best that he possibly could. On the other hand, the Squire had not been in many battles. He was not concerned with chivalry, but was more concerned with how this quality would make him look. He was more interested in impressing women than fighting. Along with their different feelings about knighthood, the two also differed in appearances. The Knight dressed humbly in a simple tunic which was â€Å"stained and dark† from battle. However, the Squire’s clothes were extravagant, and he had â€Å"locks as curly as if they had been pressed.† He spent the majority of his time on his appearance. Another difference in the two is their reasons for going on the pilgrimage. The Knight was on the pilgrimage for religious reasons and to â€Å"render thanks.† As much as this journey was religious to the Knight, to the Squire it was completely opposite. The Squire saw this pilgrimage as basically a vacation. Despite the fact that they are father and son, the Knight and the Squire are truly separate individuals. The Knight is modest and whole-hearted, whereas the Squire is cocky and self-centered. While the Knight is perfect and whole-hearted, the Squire is extremely hypocritical....

Supporting Diversity and Minority Colleagues at Work

Supporting Diversity and Minority Colleagues at Work Making sure employees from different racial backgrounds feel comfortable at work has several benefits, no matter if the company has 15 workers or 1,500. Not only can a diversity friendly workplace enhance team spirit, it can also boost creativity and promote a sense of investment in the company. Fortunately, creating a diversity friendly work environment isn’t rocket science. For the most part, it involves taking the initiative and a healthy dose of common sense. Make the Effort What’s the surefire way to make colleagues from diverse backgrounds feel comfortable at work? Do the basics. For example, if a coworker or employee has a name that’s difficult to pronounce, strive to say the person’s name correctly. If you’re unsure how to pronounce it, ask the employee to say it for you and listen carefully. Even if you still don’t get it quite right, such employees will appreciate the effort rather than you totally butchering their names. On the other hand, employees won’t appreciate you forcing a nickname on them or refusing to utter their name at all. That’s alienating. Save Race-Related Jokes for Later If the joke you want to tell at work includes a rabbi, a priest or a black guy, save it for home. Many jokes about race, religion and culture involve stereotypes. Accordingly, the workplace isn’t the best place to share them, lest you offend a coworker. Who knows? One day a colleague could make your racial group the butt of a joke. Would you find that funny? Even racial banter between colleagues from the same background can be off putting to others. Some people disapprove of racial humor, no matter the source of it. So, consider telling race-based jokes to be inappropriate behavior at work. Keep Stereotypes to Yourself Stereotypes about racial groups abound. While working, it’s necessary to check your race-based assumptions at the door. Say you think all Latinos are good at a certain activity, but the one Latino in your office isn’t. How do you respond? The correct response is no response. Sharing racial generalizations with those targeted by them will only cause emotional damage. Rather than telling your coworker that he defied your expectations, consider reflecting on how you developed the stereotype in question and how to let go of it. Study Cultural Holidays and Traditions Do you know the cultural and religious holidays that your coworkers observe? If they openly discuss certain customs, consider learning more about them. Find out the origins of the holiday or tradition, when they are celebrated each year and what they commemorate. Your colleague will likely be touched that you took time out to learn about the traditions that mean most to her. Whether you’re a manager or a coworker, be understanding if an employee takes time off to observe a particular custom. Practice empathy by contemplating the traditions that matter most to you. Would you be willing to work on those days? Include All Workers in Decisions Think about whose input counts most in your workplace. Are employees from diverse racial backgrounds included? Listening to opinions from a diverse group of people can change the way business is done for the better. A person from a different background may offer a perspective on an issue that no one else has given. This can increase the amount of innovation and creativity in a work setting. Hold a Diversity Workshop If you’re a manager at work, consider enrolling your employees in a diversity training session. They may grumble about it at first. Afterwards, however, they’re likely to value their diverse group of colleagues in new ways and walk away with a deeper sense of cultural awareness. In Closing Don’t be mistaken. Creating a diversity friendly workplace isn’t about political correctness. It’s about making sure that employees of all backgrounds feel valued.

Course Project Task 4-5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Course Project Task 4-5 - Essay Example The corporate level strategy has a good chance of succeeding because Nissan’s management is not new to Thailand. Nissan already enjoys an established presence in Thailand. In order to turn its weaknesses into strengths, Nissan must steer its expansion program carefully so that justification for the eco-car is clear, and the investment pays off. Further, since Nissan is already in the process of corporate restructuring under the Recovery Plan, it can use this to its advantage by molding the new structure so that it specifically supports the expansion program in Thailand. Also, as Thailand has cheaper labor than Japan, the expansion program in Thailand will further help Nissan in slashing labor costs. This would make it a leaner company that can focus on the eco-car and lead the future more profitably. There is thus a greater chance for profitability in Thailand than in Japan with the strong yen. As Nissan already has a presence in Thailand, it has established access to suppliers and dealers. This enables Nissan to use its existing business relationships as a springboard for carrying out the expansion programs. Development of the eco-car specifically is also of special interest to Thailand’s government and to environmental groups. Therefore, gains can definitely be made from synergy and the environment of Thailand is supportive. Nissan’s corporate strategy could identify the new eco-car more closely with Thailand to consolidate the relationship and open up new opportunities for moving beyond Japan and its alliance with Renault. The change would make business sense for Nissan to further its Recovery Plan on one hand and set the stage for the future with its new eco-car on the other. Change is necessary if Nissan wants to thwart its troubles of the past and invent a new eco image for itself in promotion of its Green Program. As for turning threats

Moral Integrity in Health Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Moral Integrity in Health Administration - Essay Example As professionals of the healthcare field, they have been given ethical responsibility of managing the resources effectively. Under different situations, the professionals have to ensure that they make right decisions which will be beneficial for their patients and they should maintain moral integrity in their profession. The most difficult challenge that needs to be addressed is an equal, justified and fair treatment of every patient as there are huge variations in insurance coverage, medical costs, accessibility to healthcare facilities, technology availability and many more. In order to ensure that stewardship is practiced with respect, the professionals have to ensure that they give respect to the patients, families and peers in the entire decision-making process and relationship creation so that all details about treatment procedure are clearly understood by them and they agree with the final decision of the professional. As patients trust the doctors and nurses blindly, the stew ards have to ensure that the members of healthcare facility will abide by the set ethical standards for proper handling of medical procedures. The decisions taken by the professional should be accurate and according to the situation so that the patients trust the care. Decision making should be based upon facts and standard solutions rather than on beliefs and intuitions of the professionals. The ethical code of conduct reflects the sincerity and honesty level of any professional when dealing with providing services to the patients.... In order to ensure that stewardship is practiced with respect, the professionals have to ensure that they give respect to the patients, families and peers in the entire decision making process and relationship creation so that all details about treatment procedure is clearly understood by them and they agree with the final decision of the professional. As patients trust the doctors and nurses blindly, the stewards have to ensure that the members of healthcare facility will abide by the set ethical standards for proper handling of medical procedures. The decisions taken by the professional should be accurate and according to the situation so that the patients trust the care and treatments being provided to them. Decision making should be based upon facts and standard solutions rather than on beliefs and intuitions of the professionals. According to Wheatley (2006), a steward has to embed the value of respect within the ethical code of conduct so that the patients are given fair treatm ent and professionals such as doctors, physicians and nurses show their level of authenticity, self-knowledge, integrity, openness, trust and autonomy. The ethical code of conduct reflects upon the sincerity and honesty level of any professional when dealing with providing services to the patients. Stewards should be well aware of the vision and values of the healthcare and accordingly work towards achieving the vision of the healthcare organization. The stewards should focus on the core values that consist of fairness, integrity and respect for the members of the health care organization so that in return they are given respect for the services they provide to the healthcare organization. The people skills of stewards should be strong so that they can communicate well and also convince